INTELIGENSI DAN KEOTORITATIFAN POLA ASUH ORANG TUA SEBAGAI PREDIKTOR KECERDASAN MORAL ANAK USIA PRASEKOLAH
WIWIK WULANDARI, Prof. Dr. Endang Ekowarni
2014 | Tesis | S2 PsikologiTujuan utama penelitian ini untuk memprediksi kecerdasan moral anak prasekolah berdasarkan inteligensi dan keotoritatifan pola asuh orang tua. Hipotesisnya adalah inteligensi dan keotoritatifan pola asuh orang tua dapat berfungsi sebagai prediktor moral anak usia prasekolah. Subyek penelitiannya anak laki-laki dan perempuan, usia 5-6 tahun yang berada di TK Kridawita Klaten kelas B sejumlah 61 siswa dengan rincian 35 anak lakilaki dan 26 anak perempuan. Pengukuran kecerdasan moral menggunakan skala kecerdasan moral anak prasekolah dalam bentuk gambar berwarna berupa situasi kehidupan sehari-hari anak yang mewakili tujuh aspek kebajikan moral menurut Borba (2001) meliputi empati (empathy), nurani (conscience), kontrol diri (self-control), respek (respect), kebaikan (kindness), toleran (tolerance) dan adil (fairness). Pengukuran tes inteligensi menggunakan tes WPPSI (Wechsler Preschool and Primary Scale Intelligence), yang meliputi informasi, kosa kata, aritmatika, pemahaman komprehensif, persamaan, pernyataan, desain kotak, melengkapi gambar, desain geometri, mazes dan animal house. Pengukuran keotoritatifan pola asuh orang tua menggunakan skala keotoritatifan pola asuh orang tua dalam perspektif anak, dengan teori Baumrind (Conger, 1977) meliputi aspek kebebasan, aturan, individualis, komunikasi dua arah dan sikap hangat. Hasil analisis regresi F sebesar = 16,236 ; p < 0,01 dan R² = 0,359. Dengan demikian, hipotesis yang menyatakan inteligensi dan keotoritatifan pola asuh orang tua dapat berfungsi sebagai prediktor kecerdasan moral anak usia prasekolah secara bersama-sama terbukti kebenarannya. Pada pengujian parsial didapatkan hasil, ada hubungan antara inteligensi dan kecerdasan moral anak usia prasekolah. Nilai r = 0,518 dengan nilai p < 0,01, menunjukkan inteligensi adalah prediktor bagi kecerdasan moral anak usia prasekolah. Di sisi lain, didapatkan hasil bahwa tidak ada hubungan antara keotoritatifan pola asuh orang tua dan kecerdasan moral anak usia prasekolah. Nilai r = 0,194 dengan nilai p = 0,137; p > 0,05, menunjukkan keotoritatifan pola asuh orang tua bukan merupakan prediktor bagi kecerdasan moral anak usia prasekolah. Dengan demikian sebagian dari hipotesis tidak terbukti dalam penelitian ini.
The main aim of this research was to predict the moral intelligence of preschool aged children based on intelligence and authoritative preschool aged children. The hypothesis in this research stated that the intelligence and authoritative parenting style have a function as the moral predicators of preschool aged children. Subject of this research was male and female children aged 5-6 years in Kridawita Kindergarten Class B. There were 61 students and they were 35 male students and 26 female students. The measurement of moral intelligence using the scale of moral intelligence of preschool aged children was a colourful picture. It was the picture of daily life situation that represents seven virtues of Borba (2001) such as empathy, conscience, self-control, respect, kindness, tolerance, and fairness. The measurement of intelligence test used WPPSI test (Wechsler Preschool and Primary Scale Intelligence), such as information, vocabulary, arithmetic, comprehension, similliarities, sentences, block design, picture completion, geometric design, mazes and animal house. The measurement of authoritaive parenting style used the scale of authoritative parenting style with child perspective, using Baumrind theory (Conger, 1977) included the aspect of freedom, regulation, individual, two-way communication and warmth. The result of regression analysis F = 16,236 ; p < 0.01 and R² = 0,359. Therefore the hypothesis stated intelligence and authoritaive parenting style can function as the predictors of moral intelligence of preschool aged children simultenously are proven correctly. The result of partial test was there was a correlation between intelligence and moral intelligence of preschool aged children. r value = 0,518 with p < 0,01, showed that intelligence was the predictor for moral intelligence of preschool aged children. On the other hand, there was no corellation between authoritative parenting style and moral intelligence of preschool aged children. r value = 0,194 with p value = 0,137; p > 0,05, showed that authoritative parenting style was not the predictor for the moral intelligence of preschool aged schildren. Therefore some of hypotheses were not proven in this research.
Kata Kunci : Inteligensi, keotoritatigan pola asuh orang tua, kecerdasan moral anak usia prasekolah
