EVALUASI DAMPAK PEMEKARAN WILAYAH TERHADAP KESEJAHTERAAN MASYARAKAT DI KOTA TUAL

Adam Said Rahantan, Ir. Leksono Probo Subanu, MURP., Ph.D.

2014 | Tesis | S2 Magist.Prnc.Kota & Daerah

Kota Tual awalnya merupakan bagian integral dan tidak terpisahkan dari wilayah Kabupaten Maluku Tenggara, dengan adanya isu pemekaran wilayah yang berkembang akhir-akhir ini, mendorong Kota Tual untuk memekarkan diri pada tahun 2007 menjadi Daerah Otonom Baru (DOB) di Provinsi Maluku. Dengan karakteristik kota kepulauan maka fenomena disparitas wilayah, rentang kendali serta pemerataan pembangunan masih menjadi permasalahan utama yang dirasakan oleh masyarakatnya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk: (a) Membandingkan kondisi perkembangan wilayah di Kota Tual sebelum dan sesudah pemekaran; (b) Mengukur dampak pemekaran wilayah terhadap kesejahteraan masyarakat di Kota Tual; (c) Mengidentifikasi faktor penyebab perbedaan dampak pemekaran antara kecamatan di ibukota dan kecamatan di kepulauan. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah gabungan metode kuantitatif dan kualitatif yang bersifat deduktif. Lokasi penelitian ini adalah Kota Tual. Teknik pengumpulan data dibagi menjadi dua bagian yaitu pengumpulan data primer melalui pengamatan (observasi) langsung dan wawancara, sedangkan pengumpulan data sekunder melalui penelitian dan kajian terhadap dokumen atau literatur. Adapun metode pengambilan sampel dilakukan secara purposive sampling yaitu pengambilan sampel dari informan dengan pertimbangan tertentu. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian ditemukan bahwa: (1) Kondisi perkembangan wilayah di Kota Tual, dari aspek fisik yakni fasilitas pendidikan dan fasilitas transportasi sesudah pemekaran kondisinya jauh lebih baik dan mengalami peningkatan. Sedangkan pada fasilitas kesehatan kondisinya cenderung tidak mengalami peningkatan yang berarti; (2) Kondisi perkembangan wilayah di Kota Tual, dari aspek sosial yakni kependudukan sesudah pemekaran kondisinya mengalami peningkatan yang signifikan. Sedangkan ketenagakerjaan kondisinya tidak jauh berbeda dengan kondisi sebelumnya; (3) Kondisi perkembangan wilayah di Kota Tual, dari aspek ekonomi yakni PDRB dan PDRB perkapita serta pengeluaran konsumsi perkapita sesudah pemekaran kondisinya jauh lebih baik dan mengalami peningkatan jika dibandingkan dengan kondisi sebelumnya; (4) Tingkat kesejahteraan masyarakat di Kota Tual, yang diukur dari Indeks Pembangunan Manusia menunjukan bahwa sesudah pemekaran kondisinya lebih baik dan mengalami peningkatan dibandingkan dengan kondisi sebelumnya; (5) Kualitas layanan pendidikan, kesehatan dan moda transportasi laut yang diberikan kepada masyarakat Kota Tual pasca pemekaran jauh lebih baik dan mengalami peningkatan dibandingkan dengan kondisi sebelumnya; (6) Perbedaan dampak pemekaran antara kecamatan di ibukota dan kecamatan di kepulauan dipengaruhi oleh kendala geografis, aksesibilitas transportasi laut, dan kebijakan pemerintah daerah.

Tual City originally was an integral and inseparable part of the Southeast Maluku regency, with the issue of regional division that developed lately, it resulted the Tual city to be splitted up itself in 2007 to the New Autonomous Region in the province of Maluku. With its characteristics as the island city then the phenomenons such as the disparity area, the span of control and the equitable development remains the major problems perceived by society.This study aimed to: (a) Comparing the regional growth conditions in Tual city before and after regional division; (b) Measuring the impacts of regional division towards the welfare for the people in Tual city; (c) Identifying the factors causing differences as the effects of regional division between the districts in the islands and the districts in the capital. The method used in this study was a mixing of quantitative and qualitative methods with deductive reasoning. The location of this research was Tual city. The techniques of data collection was divided into two parts, namely the collection of primary data through direct observation and interviews, while the collection of secondary data through research and study of documents or literature. While the sampling method was purposive sampling that was done by retrieving samples from informants with particular considerations. Based on the study results found that: (1) The condition of regional growth in Tual city, from the physical aspects such as educational and transportation facilities after the regional division were much better and its qualities had increased. While for health facilities were less likely still remain the same or had no improvement; (2) The condition of regional development from the social aspects such as population growth after regional division the condition had increased significantly. While employment was not much different from previous condition; (3) The conditions of regional development such as the regional domestic gross product and its percapita and comsumption expenses after regional diviosion the condition had increased significantly compared to previous condition before regional division. (4) The level of social welfare in Tual city, as measured by Human Development Index showed that after the regional division the condition had increased compared to the previous condition; (5) The quality of education, health and sea transportation provided for the people after the regional division was much better and had increased compared to the previous condition; (6) The different effects of regional division betwen the districts in the capital and the districts in the islands indicated by the presence of the geographical constraints, the accessibility of marine transport, and the local government policies.

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