PERCEPATAN REHABILITASI DAN REVITALISASI KAWASAN PENGEMBANGAN LAHAN GAMBUT DI KALIMANTAN TENGAH

ELSYE KUSUMAWATI, Prof. Ir. Bakti Setiawan, M.A., Ph.D.

2014 | Tesis | S2 Magist.Prnc.Kota & Daerah

Tantangan terbesar yang dihadapi Provinsi Kalimantan Tengah dalam pengelolaan gambut berkelanjutan adalah bekas Pengembangan Lahan Gambut (PLG) Sejuta Hektar, yang terbengkalai dan meninggalkan beberapa masalah yaitu: konversi lahan gambut, kebakaran hutan dan lahan, drainase, pembalakan kayu dan keadaan masyarakat lokal serta warga transmigran yang memprihatinkan. Berbagai upaya telah dilakukan, namun upaya-upaya tersebut belum cukup untuk menyelesaikan berbagai permasalahan ekologi, sosial, ekonomi dan politik kawasan PLG. Pada tanggal 16 Maret 2007, dikeluarkan Instruksi Presiden Nomor 2 Tahun 2007 tentang Percepatan Rehabilitasi dan Revitalisasi Kawasan Pengembangan Lahan Gambut (PLG) di Kalimantan Tengah. Pada setiap tahun pelaksanaannya, Program Percepatan Rehabilitasi dan Revitalisasi Kawasan Pengembangan Lahan Gambut di Kalimantan Tengah memiliki keluaran (output) yang harus dihasilkan. Selama tahun 2007 – 2011, kegiatan yang dapat dilaksanakan berjumlah 103 kegiatan dari seluruh kegiatan yang berjumlah 186 kegiatan. Namun keluaran (output) yang dihasilkan jauh di bawah target pencapaian. Misalnya target pencetakan sawah seluas 123.000 Ha, baru dapat dilaksanakan kegiatan penyiapan jaringan irigasi seluas 6.500 Ha dan SID cetak sawah 6.500 Ha. Kekurangan tersebut menimbulkan sebuah pertanyaan: “Bagaimana pelaksanaan Program Percepatan Rehabilitasi dan Revitalisasi Kawasan Pengembangan Lahan Gambut di Kalimantan Tengah dan faktor-faktor apa yang mempengaruhi pelaksanaannya?” Metodologi penelitian ini adalah deskriptif kualitatif dengan pendekatan deduktif. Data yang dianalisis diperoleh melalui pengamatan di lapangan, wawancara langsung kepada pihak-pihak yang terkait dengan pelaksana program serta dokumentasi yang berupa arsip, surat kabar, maupun keterangan lain yang dapat dimanfaatkan. Parameter yang digunakan adalah: (i) kepemimpinan pejabat pelaksana, (ii) tujuan dan sasaran kebijakan, (iii) komunikasi dan koordinasi, (iv) sikap pelaksana, (v) pendanaan, (vi) aturan dan prosedur, (vii) kesulitan, (viii) tingkat kepentingan, (ix) modal sosial dan (x) partisipasi masyarakat. Penelitian menemukan bahwa pelaksanaan Program Percepatan Rehabilitasi dan Revitalisasi Kawasan Pengembangan Lahan Gambut di Kalimantan Tengah pada tahun 2007-2011 dapat dinilai buruk. Faktor yang berpengaruh positif terhadap pelaksanaan program adalah kepemimpinan pejabat pelaksana, tujuan dan sasaran kebijakan, komunikasi dan koordinasi antar Dinas terkait di tingkat Provinsi, sikap pelaksana, modal sosial dan partisipasi masyarakat. Faktor yang menghambat pelaksanaan program adalah komunikasi dan koordinasi Pemerintah Pusat dan Pemerintah Daerah, pendanaan, kesulitan, peraturan dan prosedur. Penelitian ini merekomendasikan untuk menggunakan Rencana Induk Rehabilitasi dan Revitalisasi Kawasan Pengembangan Lahan Gambut yang belum dimanfaatkan pada program sejenis di masa mendatang. Kata kunci: rehabilitasi, revitalisasi, lahan gambut, Kalimantan Tengah

The biggest challenge faced by the Central Kalimantan Province in realizing a sustainable peatlands management is the abandoned earlier program called A-Million-Hectare Peatlands Development that has left behind several complications, namely: peatlands conversion, forest and land fires, drainage, illegal logging and the worsening condition of local inhabitants and transmigrants. Several efforts have been implemented, but the efforts were insufficient to solve the ecological, social, economic and political problems at the peatlands development area. On March 16th 2007, the Presidential Decree Number 2, 2007 on Acceleration of the Rehabilitation and Revitalization of Peatlands Development Area was issued in Central Kalimantan. On every stage of its execution, the Acceleration of the Rehabilitation and Revitalization of Peatlands Development Area Program in Central Kalimantan yielded outputs. From 2007 until 2011, 103 activities out of 186 activities were performed, but the output yielded was far below target of achievement, for example, from the target of establishing 123,000 hectares of rice fields, they managed only to prepare an irrigation network for 6,500 hectares of rice field and to perform an investigation and design survey for 6,500 hectares of rice field preparation. This lack of achievements triggered the question: “What has become of the Acceleration of Rehabilitation and Revitalization of Peatlands Development Area Program in Central Kalimantan and what factors influence its implementation?” The methodology used in this research is descriptive qualitative with a deductive approach. The data analyzed were obtained through observation on the field, direct interviews with those who are involved with the execution of the program and documentations in the form of archives, newspaper, and others relevant information. The parameters used here were: (i) leadership of the executive officers, (ii) the policy’s objective and target, (iii) communication and coordination, (iv) executors’ attitude, (v) funding, (vi) regulation and procedures, (vii) difficulties, (viii) level of interest, (ix) social capital and (x) people’s participation. The research found out that the implementation of the Acceleration of Rehabilitation and Revitalization of Peatlands Development Area Program in Central Kalimantan from 2007-2011 can be considered unsatisfactory. The factors that positively affect the implementation were, amond others, executive officers’ leadership, objective and target of the policy, communication and coordination among institutions involved at provincial level, executors’ attitude, social capital and people’s participation. The factors that hindered the program implementation were communication and coordination between the central and local governments, funding, difficulties, regulations and procedures. The research recommends the use of the Master Plan for the Rehabilitation and Revitalization of Peatland Development Area, which hasn’t been implemented, for the similar programs in the future. Keywords: rehabilitation, revitalization, peatlands, Central Kalimantan

Kata Kunci : rehabilitasi, revitalisasi, lahan gambut, Kalimantan Tengah