KONSUMSI, DIVERSIFIKASI DAN KETAHANAN PANGAN TINGKAT RUMAH TANGGA DI DAERAH ISTIMEWA YOGYAKARTA

Ismiasih, Dr. Ir. Slamet Hartono, M.Sc.

2014 | Disertasi | S3 Ekonomi Pertanian

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui : 1) tingkat partisipasi konsumsi pangan rumah tangga, dan faktor penentunya serta elastisitas konsumsi pangan, 2) diversifikasi konsumsi pangan rumah tangga, dan faktor penentunya, 3) tingkat ketahanan pangan rumah tangga dan faktor penentunya, 4) pengaruh diversifikasi konsumsi pangan terhadap tingkat ketahanan pangan rumah tangga. Penelitian mengambil lokasi di DIY sebagai daerah penelitian. Data yang digunakan adalah data sekunder hasil Susenas tahun 2011 oleh BPS. Sampel yang digunakan sebanyak 925 rumah tangga. Tingkat partisipasi konsumsi pangan dianalisis secara deskriptif. Faktor penentu konsumsi pangan dianalisis dengan model Ordinary Least Square (OLS) yang diestimasi dengan metode Seemingly Unrelated Regression (SUR) dengan memasukkan restriksi dari sifat fungsi permintaan (Engel dan Cournot Agregation). Diversifikasi konsumsi pangan diukur dengan indeks entropy. Faktor penentu diversifikasi konsumsi pangan diestimasi dengan model Ordinary Least Square (OLS). Tingkat ketahanan pangan rumah tangga diukur dengan modifikasi Jonnsson dan Toole. Faktor penentu tingkat ketahanan pangan rumah tangga di dianalisis dengan regresi Ordinary Least Square (OLS). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan : 1) tingkat partisipasi konsumsi pangan rumah tangga pedesaan 99% di dominasi komoditi padian dan di perkotaan 99% di dominasi makanan dan minuman jadi. Tingkat partisipasi konsumsi pangan terendah di perkotaan dan di pedesaan berasal dari komoditi umbian yaitu 34%. Faktor penentu konsumsi pangan di pengaruhi oleh harga pangan sendiri, harga pangan lain, pendapatan, jumlah anggota rumah tangga, umur istri, pendidikan istri, jenis pekerjaan kepala rumah tangga, rumah tangga (raski-non raskin, miskin-non miskin) dan lokasi tempat tinggal (perkotaan dan pedesaan); 2) diversifikasi konsumsi pangan rumah tangga di DIY menunjukkan : a. Tingkat pendidikan ibu SD dan SMP lebih beragam daripada tingkat pendidikan lainnya, b. Rumah tangga non miskin lebih beragam daripada rumah tangga miskin; 3) ketahanan pangan rumah tangga di DIY menunjukkan : a. ibu yang berpendidikan lebih tahan pangan dibanding dengan yang tidak berpendidikan, b. rumah tangga non miskin lebih tahan pangan dibanding dengan rumah tangga miskin, c. rumah tangga di pedesaan lebih tahan pangan di banding di perkotaan. Faktor penentu ketahanan pangan adalah harga padian, harga buahan, harga bahan minuman, harga makanan dan minuman jadi, pendapatan, jumlah anggota rumah tangga, umur istri, pendidikan istri, rumah tangga non miskin, dan diversifikasi konsumsi pangan; 4) Program raskin dan diversifikasi konsumsi pangan efektif meningkatkan rumah tangga semakin tahan pangan. Kata Kunci : konsumsi pangan, Engel dan Cournot Agregation, SUR (seemingly unrelated regression), diversifikasi konsumsi pangan, Index Entropy, ketahanan pangan, modifikasi Jonnson dan Toole, OLS (ordinary least square), raskin

The purpose of this research are to determine: 1) the level of participation of household food consumption, and the factors influencing and the elasticity of food consumption, 2) diversification of household food consumption, and the factors influencing, 3) the level of household food security and the factors influencing, 4) the effect of poverty and diversification program on consumtion food on household food security. This research was taken at Yogyakarta as the research location. It employed the secondary data from Social and Economic National Survey’s (Susenas) result of the Central Bureau of Statistics (BPS) in 2011. The samples are 925 households. The participation rate of food consumption were analyzed descriptively. Determining factor of food consumption at the household level is analyzed with a model Ordinary Least Square (OLS) estimated by the method of Seemingly Unrelated Regression (SUR) by inserting restriction on the nature of the demand function (Engel and Cournot Aggregation). Diversification of food consumption is measured by the entropy index. The deciding factor diversification of food consumption estimated by the model Ordinary Least Square (OLS). The level of household food security was measured with a modified Jonnsson and Toole. Factors determining the level of household food security in the model analyzed with ordinary least squares (OLS). The results showed that : 1 ) the level of participation of rural household food consumption 99 % in grain dominance in urban and 99 % in the dominance of food and beverages. Lowest participation level of food consumption in both urban and rural derived from tubers is 34 % . The deciding factor is influenced by food consumption food prices alone, prices of other food, income, number of household members, age of the wife, the wife of education, type of occupation of household head, household (non raskin- raskin , non poor-poor) and the location residence (urban and rural) ; 2) diversification on household food consumption show that a. maternal education level of elementary and junior high school more diverse than other education, b. poor households is more diverse than non-poor. The deciding factor is the diversification of food consumption are grain prices, income, maternal education level of elementary and junior high school, a dummy non- poor households, root prices , the price of oil and grease, and the number of household members ; 3) the food security level in DIY show that a. maternal education was higher than maternal no education, b. non-poor households was higher than that of the poor ones, c. rural households was higher than that of the urban ones. The factors which significantly affected the food security level were the price of food, the household income, the wife’s age, the wife’s education background, the number of household members, the household’s class (poor/non-poor), and also diversification program of consumed food. The raskin and diversification program of consumed food effectively improved the households’ food security. Keywords: food consumption, Engel and Cournot aggregation, SUR (seemingly unrelated regression), diversification of food consumption, Entropy Index, food security, modifications Jonnson and Toole, OLS (ordinary least squares), raskin

Kata Kunci : konsumsi pangan, Engel dan Cournot Agregation, SUR (seemingly unrelated regression), diversifikasi konsumsi pangan, Index Entropy, ketahanan pangan, modifikasi Jonnson dan Toole, OLS (ordinary least square), raskin