ANALISIS FAKTOR PENYEBAB GANGGUAN MUSKULOSKELETAL PADA PEKERJA DI PABRIK FERONIKEL BAGIAN SMELTING PT. ANEKA TAMBANG (PERSERO) TBK UNIT BISNIS PERTAMBANGAN NIKEL SULAWESI TENGGARA

Syawal K. Saptaputra, Prof. Dr. dr. Soebijanto

2014 | Tesis | S2 Ilmu Kesehatan Kerja

Latar Belakang. Penyakit akibat kerja menjadi perhatian dalam dunia ketenagakerjaan. Hal ini dikarenakan penyakit akibat kerja sangat berpengaruh terhadap efektivitas dan efisiensi pekerjaan dari seorang pekerja yang akan menyebabkan penurunan produktivitas karyawan. Gangguan muskuloskeletal merupakan salah satu penyakit yang menjadi trend beberapa tahun terakhir di PT. Aneka Tambang UBPN Sultra. Tujuan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui faktor-faktor yang menyebabkan gangguan muskuloskeletal di Pabrik Feronikel bagian Smelting PT. Aneka Tambang UBPN Sultra. Metode Penelitian. Jenis penelitian observasional analitik, menggunakan desain Cross Sectional. Subjek penelitian sebanyak 56 orang. Variabel bebas antara lain umur, masa kerja, kebiasaan merokok, dan stress kerja. Variabel terikat adalah gangguan muskuloskeletal. Pengukuran variabel umur, masa kerja, dan kebiasaan merokok menggunakan kuesioner identitas responden. Pengukuran stress kerja menggunakan kuesioner indikator stress kerja. Pengukuran gangguan muskuloskeletal menggunakan kuesioner Nordic Body Map yang kemudian diikuti pemeriksaan kadar asam laktat dengan metode lactate oxidasecolorimetric. Hasil Penelitian. Pemeriksaan kadar asam laktat dari 8 responden, terdapat 2 responden yang memiliki kadar asam laktat melebihi nilai rujukan yakni responden 2 dengan kadar asam laktat 2,74 mmol/L dan responden 7 dengan kadar asam laktat 2,70 mmol/L. sedangkan untuk 6 responden lainnya memiliki kadar asam laktat berada pada range nilai rujukan. Nilai rujukan kadar asam laktat yaitu 0,5 – 2,2 mmol/L. Analisis multivariat dengan metode backward menunjukkan koefisien korelasi (R) sebesar 0,593, nilai R2 = 0,352, nilai F = 9,412, faktor umur (p = 0,002), stress kerja (p = 0,014), dan kebiasaan merokok (p = 0,008). Kesimpulan. Terdapat hubungan signifikan secara bersama-sama umur, stress kerja, dan kebiasaan merokok dengan gangguan muskuloskeletal pada pekerja pabrik feronikel bagian Smelting PT. Aneka Tambang UBPN Sultra. Sedangkan masa kerja dan kadar asam laktat tidak berpengaruh signifikan terhadap gangguan muskuloskeletal pada pekerja pabrik feronikel bagian Smelting PT. Aneka Tambang UBPN Sultra. Kata Kunci. Gangguan muskuloskeletal, Pekerja pabrik feronikel, Nordic Body Map, Quest Stress Occupational.

Background. Occupational disease is being a concern in the world of employment. Occupational disease could affects effectiveness and efficiency of a worker that will ultimately lead to decreased employee’s productivity. Musculoskeletal disorder is one of the occupational disease that become a trend over the last few years in PT. Antam (Persero) UBPN Southeast Sulawesi. Objective. This study aim is to determine factor that can cause musculoskeletal disorder in smelting section factory workers PT. Antam (persero) UBPN Southeast Sulawesi Method. This study was observational analytic study using a cross sectional design. The number of research subject were 56 people. Independent variables were age, years of smoking, and occupational stress. The dependent variable was musculoskeletal disorder. Variable measurement of age, length of work, and smoking habit were using questionnaire of respondent identity. Occupational stress measurement was using job stress indicator questionnaire. Musculoskeletal disorder measurement was using Nordic Body Map questionnaires, followed by lactic acid level examination by lactate oxidase-colorimetric method. Result. The result of lactic acid level of 8 respondent, there were 2 respondents who had lactic acid level exceed the reference value. Lactic acid levels of respondent 2 was 2.74 mmol/L and respondent 7 was 2.70 mmol/L, and for the other 6 respondent were in the range of reference value. Reference value of lactic acid level started from 0.5 to 2.2 mmol/L. Multivariate analysis showed a correlation coefficient (R) of 0,593, R2 = 0,352, regression F value = 9,412 and p = 0.000, it can be concluded that there is a significant relationship (p < 0.05) together factors of age (p = 0,002), occupational stress (p=0,014), and smoking (p = 0,008). Conclusion. There was significant relationship between age, occupational stress, and smoking with musculoskeletal disorders. There was no significant effect between length of work and lactic acid level with musculoskeletal disorder Keywords. Musculoskeletal Disorders, Ferronickel Workers, Nordic Body Map, Occupational Stress Quest.

Kata Kunci : Gangguan muskuloskeletal, Pekerja pabrik feronikel, Nordic Body Map, Quest Stress Occupational.