Konflik Gorontalo-Hindia Belanda periode 1856-1942

APRIYANTO, Joni, Prof.Dr. Teuku Ibrahim Alfian, M.A

2001 | Tesis | S2 Sejarah

Studi tentang konflik yang terjadi antara Gorontalo-Hindia Belanda periode 1856-1942 ini memfokuskan pada tiga persodan. Pertama, bagaimana bentuk konflik yang terjadi antara Gorontalo dengan Hindia Belanda. Kedua, apa yang menyebabkan tejadinya konflik kedua belah pihak. Kefiga, sejauhmana respons rakyat Gorontalo sejak adanya perubahan kebijakan politik Belanda. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode sejarah yaitu, heuristik, kritik, interpretasi, dan historiografL Berdasarkan metode tersebut, maka penelitkin ini menganalisis sejumlah sumber sejarah berupa sumber-sumber tertulis dan dokumen-dokumen yang berhubungan dengan persoalan tesis. Untuk mempertajam analisisnya digunakan pendekatan ilmu-ilmu sosial yaitu pendekatan teori-teori konflik. Dari hasil kajian studi memperlihak bahwa konflik yang terjadi pada dasarnya merupakan &bat dari kehendak Belanda untuk merealisasikan dominasi teritorialnya. Pihak Belanda mencoba memaksakan sistem birokrasi, komersialisasi ekonomi, pelapisan sosial ke arah yang lebih modern, sementara pihak yang lain timbul penolakan dari elite lokal dan rakyatnya atas ide-ide tersebut. Pergeseran kebijakan politik di negeri Belanda ternyata mempunyai pengaruh yang signifii terhadap Hindia Belanda khususnya di Gorontalo. Secara faktual, pengaruh yang fundamental adanya pemberlakuan wilayah Gorontalo di bawah pemerintahan langsung. Akibatnya, lenyapnya sistem birokrasi tradisional dan diganti oleh sistem birokrasi modern berdasarkan aturan-aturan serta noma-norma yang berlaku menurut pemerintah Hindia Behda. Di samping itu perubahan kebijakan politik Belanda ternyata menjadi pukulan bagi kekuasaan pemerintah Hindia Belanda di Gorontalo. Hal ini tampak munculnya nasionalisme yang ditandai adanya organisasi pergerakan, pers, dan gerakan kesusasteraan Gorontalo menandai babak baru melawan hegemoni Belanda pada awal abad ke-20. Pada periode yang Sama di tengah negeri Belanda mengalami kekalahan atas serangan Jerman dan Jepang sebagai sekutunya juga berhasil menguasai wilayah Manado, maka pemerintah Hindia Belanda di Gorontalo mengadakan pembumihangusan atas sejumlah obyek vital. Faktor itu menjadi pendorong dan pemicu dikerahkannya kekuatan rakyat di bawah pelopor elite lokal yang berpuncak adanya perlawanan kolektif atas kekuasaan pemerintah Hindia Belanda.

A study about the conflict which happened between Gorontalo and the Dutch East Indies during the period between 1856 and 1942, focusing on three issues. First, of what form was the conflict that happened between them? Second, what caused the conflict to happen between these two sides? Third, how did the Gorontalo people react toward the changes in the Dutch political policy? This research makes use of the historical method, i.e.: heuristics, Criticism, interpretation, and historiography. Based on this method, this research analyses a number of historical sources, such as written sources and documents related to the thesis’ questions. To focus the analysis, we use an approach from social science, namely, conflict theory. Based on the results of this study, it is shown that the conflict that happened, at its base, was a consequence of the Dutch will to realize its territorial domination. (This study shows that the root of the conflict was the will of the Dutch to realize its teritorial domination). On the one hand, the Dutch tried to force the (existing) bureaucratic system, commercial economy, and social stratjfication in a more modem direction. On the other hand, the local elite and the masses rejected these ideas. The shift in political policy in the Netherlands, it turned out, had a significant influence in the Dutch East Indies, especially in Gorontalo. In fact, these fundamental shifts brought the Gorontalo territory under direct government administration. As a result, the traditional bureaucracy disappeared, replaced by a modern one that was based on the rules and norms of the Dutch East Indies government. It turned out that the changes in Dutch political policy were a blow to the authority of the government of the Dutch East Indies in Gorontalo. In the beginning of the 20th century, this was made apparent by the emergence of nationalism, signaled by organizational movements, the press, and Gorontalo literary movements. It became a new era of fighting against the Dutch hegemony. During the same period, the Dutch homeland suffered a loss to the Germans, and Japan, its ally, conquered Manado, so that the government of the Dutch East Indies in Gorontalo organized the total destruction of a number of vital objects. This became an impetus to mobilize the people under a vanguard of local elites, which culminated in a collective struggle against the authority of the Dutch East Indies government.

Kata Kunci : Sejarah Indonesia,Konflik Hindia Belanda,Gorontalo,1856,1942, Cofict, Gorontalo, Dutch East Indies, Colonial Bureaucracy, Modem Elite, Social Mobility, Nationalism, Press, and Collective Struggle.