Keanekaragaman Genetik Katak Pohon Jawa Rhacophorus margaritifer (Schlegel, 1837) Di Lereng Selatan Gunung Merapi, D.I. Yogyakarta berdasarkan Karakter Morfologis dan Molekular

HERDHANU JAYANTO, Dr. Niken Satuti Nur Handayani, M.Sc.; Drs. Trijoko, M.Si.

2014 | Skripsi | BIOLOGI

Katak pohon Jawa, Rhacophorus margaritifer (Schlegel, 1837), merupakan spesies endemik Jawa. R. margaritifer ini dapat ditemukan di lereng selatan Gunung Merapi, yaitu salah satu wilayah yang terkena dampak terbesar erupsi pada tahun 2010. Bagaimana variabiltas atau keanekragaman genetik mereka dan bagaimana mereka melakukan rekolonisasi paska erupsi tahun 2010 menjadi salah satu pertanyaan besar yang perlu dijawab. Analisis keanekaragaman (variabilitas) genetik intra- dan interpopulasi R. margaritifer di lereng selatan Gunung Merapi dilakukan dengan metode Inter-simple Sequence Repeat-Polymerase Chain Reaction (ISSR-PCR) didukung dengan informasi morfologi. Similaritas polimorfisme intra- dan interpopulasi diukur menggunakan metode simple matching coefficient dan dendogram disusun menggunakan metode UPGMA, sedangkan analisis morfologi menggunakan PCA. Perangkat lunak yang digunakan adalah MVSP 3.1. Survei dilakukan di Bukit Turgo, Tlogo Muncar dan Kali Kuning, namun populasi R. margaritifer di Kali Kuning belum ditemukan kembali selama survei dilakukan. Hasil menunjukkan R. margaritifer di Bukit Turgo (0,651�±0,043; persentase polimorfisme 81%) memiliki keanekaragaman (variabilitas) genetik yang berbeda signifikan (t-test; F=1,533, P<0,05) dibandingkan R. margaritifer di Tlogo Muncar (0,587�±0,050; persentase polimorfisme 65%) tanpa ada perbedaan di karakter morfologis. Berdasarkan hasil tersebut diketahui bahwa R. margaritifer di Bukit Turgo dan R. margaritifer di Tlogo Muncar merupakan metapopulasi. Hasil ini memberikan gambaran proses kemunculan R. margaritifer di lereng selatan Gunung Merapi, serta prioritas konservasi keberadaan metapopulasi R. margaritifer di Tlogo Muncar.

Javan tree frog, Rhacophorus margaritifer (Schlegel, 1837), is Javan endemic species, which can be found in southern slope of Mount Merapi. The last eruption of Mount Merapi was on 2010. It played critical role on the existences of this particular species. How much the level of their genetic variability (diversity) now and how they can be recolonized are need to be answered. Intra- and interpopulation genetic diversity analyses of R. margaritifer from southern slope of Mount Merapi population (Turgo Hill, Tlogo Muncar and Kuning River) were conducted using Inter-simple Sequence Repeat-Polymerase Chain Reaction (ISSR-PCR). The morphological analysis was also conducted as additional information using PCA. Used software was MVSP 3.1. Surveys were conducted in Turgo Hill, Tlogo Muncar and Kali Kuning, whilst no R. margaritifer spotted again in Kuning River up until recently. The result shown genetic variability R. margaritifer from Turgo Hill (0.651�±0.043; polymorphism percentage 81%) was significantly different (t-test; F=1.533, P<0.05) than R. margaritifer from Tlogo Muncar (0.587�±0.050; polymorphism percentage 65%), whereas no differentiation shown from morphological analysis. This result shown that both R. margaritifer from those two locations were considered as metapopulations. These results give preliminary understanding on the occurrence of R. margaritifer and in protecting their existences in southern slope of Mount Merapi.

Kata Kunci : Rhacophorus margaritifer, southern slope of Mount Merapi, genetic diversity, ISSR-PCR