ADAPTASI PERUBAHAN IKLIM DAN KETERKAITANNYA DENGAN PRODUKTIVITAS DAN KETAHANAN PANGAN RUMAH TANGGA PETANI PADI DI KABUPATEN TANGGAMUS

KTUT MURNIATI, Prof. Dr. Ir. Irham, M.Sc; Dr. Ir. Slamet Hartono, M.Sc

2014 | Disertasi | S3 Ekonomi Pertanian

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk: (1) mengetahui persepsi dan strategi adaptasi perubahan iklim petani padi organik dan non organik, (2) mengukur tingkat kerentanan penghidupan rumah tangga petani padi organik dan non organik terhadap perubahan iklim, (3) mengukur pengaruh strategi adaptasi perubahan iklim terhadap efisiensi teknis usahatani padi organik dan non organik, dan (4) mengukur pengaruh strategi adaptasi perubahan iklim terhadap ketahanan pangan rumah tangga petani padi organik dan non organik. Penelitian dilaksanakan di Pekon Tampang Tua dan Pekon Tampang Muda Kecamatan Pematang Sawa Tanggamus. Responden diambil secara sensus yang berjumlah 140 orang, terdiri dari 60 orang petani padi organik dan 80 orang petani padi non organik. Analisis menggunakan deskriptif kualitatif, Livelihood Vulnerability Index (LVI), Model Stochastic production Frontier dan Model Ordinal Logit (OLOGISTIC). Hasil Penelitian menunjukkan bahwa: (1) petani padi organik dan non organik mempersepsikan perubahan iklim sesuai dengan kondisi yang dialami atau dirasakan petani, namun sudah mencerminkan perubahan iklim; (2) strategi adaptasi perubahan iklim dalam berusahatani yang diterapkan petani padi organik lebih lengkap dibandingkan petani padi non organik; (3) strategi adaptasi dan antisipasi perubahan iklim dalam ketahanan pangan yang diterapkan petani padi organik dan non organik adalah sama; (4) Berdasarkan nilai LVI-IPCC diketahui bahwa rumah tangga petani padi organik dan petani padi non organik sama-sama memiliki kerentanan yang sedang terhadap dampak perubahan iklim dengan nilai Indek sebesar -0,043 dan -0,022; (5) usahatani padi organik dan usahatani padi non organik tahun 2012 mengalami penurunan produktivitas sebesar 82,80% dan 80,80% akibat adanya perubahan iklim (kekeringan) bila dibandingkan dengan tahun 2011. Tingkat efisiensi teknis usahatani padi pada musim hujan lebih baik dibandingkan tingkat efisiensi teknis pada musim kemarau; (6)Tidak ada perbedaan derajat ketahanan pangan rumahtangga antara petani padi organik dan non organik. Faktor yang berpengaruh positif terhadap ketahanan pangan rumah tangga petani padi organik adalah strategi adaptasi dalam ketahanan pangan, pendidikan kepala keluarga, harga beras, luas lahan, dan musim tanam. Faktor yang berpengaruh negatif terhadap ketahanan pangan rumah tangga petani padi organik adalah jumlah anggota keluarga, harga pupuk organik padat dan harga pupuk organik cair. Faktor yang berpengaruh positif terhadap ketahanan pangan rumah tangga petani padi non organik adalah strategi adaptasi dalam ketahanan pangan, pendidikan kepala keluarga, harga beras, harga benih,luas lahan, dan musim tanam. Faktor yang berpengaruh negatif terhadap ketahanan pangan rumah tangga petani padi non organik adalah jumlah anggota keluarga, harga pupuk urea dan harga TSP.

This research aimes to (1) find out the preception and adaptation strategies of organic and non-organic rice farmers to climate change, (2) measure livelihood vulnerability of household of organic and non-organic farmers to climate change, (3) measure the effect of adaptation strategies to climate change in technical efficiency of organic and non-organic rice, and (4) measure the effect of adaptation strategies to climate change in food security of organic and non-organic rice farmers’ households. The research was carried out in Pekon Tampang Tua and Pekon Tampang Muda, Pematang Sawa Subdistrict, Tanggamus Regency. Samples were taken by census sampling of 140 respondents consisting of 60 organic rice farmers and 80 non-organic rice farmers. The analysis was using descriptive analytic method, Livelihood Vulnerability Index (LVI), Stochastic Production Frontier (SPF)and Ordinal Logit Model (OLOGOSTIC). Research result showed that: (1) The organic rice farmers and non-organic rice farmers. perceive climate change in accordance with the farmers conditions experienced, but had been reflect climate change; (2) The adaptation strategies to climate change in farming applied by organic rice farmers was more complete compared to non-organic rice farmers; (3) The adaptation strategies to climate change in food security applied by organic and non-organic rice farmers were the same; (4) Based on the value LVI-IPCC, both organic rice farmers and nonorganic rice farmers had the same vulnerability to climate change with the index value of -0.043 and -0.022.; (5) Organic rice productivity in 2012 reduced by 82.80% and the productivity of non-organic rice reduced by 80.80% compared to the rice productivity in 2011 as a result of climate change (drought). The technical efficiency of rice farming in rainy season was better compared to the technical efficiency in dry season; and (6) There was no difference of household food security leves between organic and non-organic rice farmers. Factors having positive effect to food security levels of organic rice farmers’ household were the adaptation strategies to climate change in food security, education level of patriarch, rice price, land area, and planting season. Factors having negative effects to food security levels were number of people in a family, price of solid organic fertilizer, and price of liquid organic fertilizer. Factors having positive effect to food security level of non-organic rice farmers’ household were the adaptation strategies to climate change in food security, education level of patriarch, rice price, land area, seed price, and planting season. Factors having negative effect to food security were number of people in a family, urea fertilizer price, and TSP fertilizer price.

Kata Kunci : strategi adaptasi, perubahan iklim, produktivitas, ketahanan pangan