SINTESIS DAN UJI ANTIBAKTERI KARBOKSIMETIL KITOSAN (KMK) DARI KITOSAN HASIL LIMBAH CANGKANG UDANG WINDU (Penaeus monodon) DENGAN METODE MAOS (MICROWAVE ASSISTED ORGANIC SYNTHESIS)
CAHYO KRISBIANTO, Deni Pranowo, S.Si., M.Si. dan Dr. Bambang Purwono, M.Sc.
2014 | Skripsi | KIMIAINTISARI SINTESIS DAN UJI ANTIBAKTERI KARBOKSIMETIL KITOSAN (KMK) DARI KITOSAN HASIL LIMBAH CANGKANG UDANG WINDU (Penaeus monodon) DENGAN METODE MAOS (MICROWAVE ASSISTED ORGANIC SYNTHESIS) Oleh: Cahyo Krisbianto 08/270231/PA/12261 Telah dilakukan sintesis kitosan dari limbah cangkang udang windu dengan metode Microwave Assisted Organic Synthesis (MAOS) menggunakan household oven microwave pada berbagai variasi daya dan waktu, dan modifikasi kitosan menjadi karboksimetil kitosan (KMK) serta uji potensi sebagai antibakteri. Kitosan dibuat dengan tiga tahap: deproteinasi menggunakan NaOH 4%, demineralisasi menggunakan HCl 5%, dan deasetilasi menggunakan NaOH 60%. Tahap deasetilasi dilakukan dengan metode MAOS dan metode konvensional (refluks). Derajad deasetilasi (DD) dianalisis dengan FTIR dan berat molekul dianalisis dengan metode viskometri kinematik. Sintesis Karboksimetil Kitosan (KMK) dilakukan dengan modifikasi kitosan menggunakan asam monokloroasetat. Jumlah gugus �¢ï¿½ï¿½COOH dari KMK diukur dengan metode titrasi potensiometri menggunakan Ca-asetat. Uji anti bakteri dilakukan terhadap film kitosan, film KMK, dan larutan KMK terhadap bakteri Escherichia coli (Gramnegatif) dan Staphylococcus aureus (Gram-positif) menggunakan metode difusi cara cakram (disc). Hasil menunjukkan bahwa nilai DD kitosan yang diperoleh melalui metode MAOS (kit-MAOS) sebesar 80,15% optimal pada daya 800 Watt dan waktu reaksi 4 menit dengan rendemen sebesar 64,00%, sedangkan dengan metode konvensional (refluks) nilai DD kitosan sebesar 75,12%. Berat molekul kit-MAOS pada DD optimum sebesar 46 Da. KMK hasil sintesis merupakan OKMK dengan jumlah gugus �¢ï¿½ï¿½COOH 105,07 cmol/kg. Hasil uji antibakteri film kitosan, film KMK, dan larutan KMK tidak menunjukkan adanya kemampuan sebagai antibakteri. Kata kunci :
ABSTRACT SYNTHESIS AND ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY OF CARBOXYMETHYL CHITOSAN (CMC) FROM CHITOSAN OF WINDU SHRIMP SHELL WASTE (Penaeus monodon) BY MAOS METHOD (MICROWAVE ASSISTED ORGANIC SYNTHESIS) By : Cahyo Krisbianto 08/270231/PA/12261 Chitosan has been synthesized from windu shrimp shell waste by Microwave Asisted Organic Synthesis (MAOS) method using household microwave oven by a various of power and time, and modification of chitosan to carboxymethil chitosan (CMC) continued with antibacterial potency test. Chitosan was made by three steps: deproteination with NaOH 4%, demineralization with HCl 5%, and deacetylation with NaOH 60%. Deacetylation step was conducted with MAOS method and conventional method (reflux). Degree of deacetylation (DDA) was analyzed using FTIR and molecular weight was analyzed by kinematic viskometri method. Synthesis of carboxymethyl chitosan (CMC) has been done by modification chitosan using monochloroacetic acid. The amount of the -COOH group of CMC was measured by potensiometric titration method using Ca-acetate. Antibacterial test for chitosan films, CMC film, and CMC solution was conducted against bacteria Escherichia coli (Gramnegative) and Staphylococcus aureus (Gram-positive) using diffuse with disc method. The results have shown that DDA of chitosan by MAOS method (kit- MAOS) was 80.15% using 800 Watt of power in 4 minutes reaction time and yield was 64.00%, while the value of DDA chitosan conventional method (reflux) was 75.12%. Molecular weight of kit-MAOS at optimum DDA was 46 Da. Number of -COOH groups CMC was obtained 105.07 cmol/kg which was Ocarboxymethyl chitosan. However antibacterial test of chitosan films, CMC film and CMC solution showed no antibacterial activities.
Kata Kunci : kitosan, microwave, karboksimetil kitosan, antibakteri, asam kloroasetat.
