THE LARVICIDAL EFFECT OF ETHER EXTRACT FROM RHIZOME OF Zingiber zerumbet (L.) J. E. Smith AGAINST LARVAE OF Culex quinquefasciatus

ARIEF YUNAN PRIYOUTOMO, dr. Tri Baskoro T.S., M.Sc, Ph.D; Dra. Tri Murini, M.Si, Apt; dr.Ernaningsih, DTM&H., M.Kes

2014 | Skripsi | PENDIDIKAN DOKTER

Background. Lymphatic filariasis, commonly known as elephantiasis, is one of the oldest and most debilitating neglected tropical diseases. Culex quinquefasciatus is the main vector of bancrofti filariasis in South East Asia. The alternative to eliminate the spreading of filariasis is by controlling the vector. The breeding of the mosquito is cut down by larvicide, especially synthetic larvicide. Continuous use of synthetic chemical larvicide can lead to mosquito’s resistance and environmental pollution. Therefore, it is essential to search for alternative larvicide which is safer and reachable, in this case for instance Zingiber zerumbet as natural larvicide. Objectives. To explore larvicidal effect of Zingiber zerumbet rhizome with ether extract. To find out LC50 and LC90 of the extract against 3rd-4th instar Culex quinquefasciatus larvae. To find out the relation between increasing of the extract dose and increasing of larvae mortality. Methods. This research is simple experimental study using WHO Guidelines For Laboratory And Field Testing Of Mosquito Larvicides. Numbers of 3rd-4th instar larvae divided into 10 treatment groups and 1 control group. Each group contains 10 larvae with 3 times replication in 100 ml solution. Larvae mortality was counted after 24 hours of exposure and the data was analyzed using probit analysis. Results. LC50 and LC90 values were 42.06944 ppm and 80.7506 ppm. The probit regression line obtained is (Y = -2.35 + 4.53X). Conclusions. Ether extract of Zingiber zerumbet rhizome has larvacidal activity against 3rd-4th instar of Culex quinquefasciatus larvae. LC50 and LC90 values were 42.06944 ppm and 80.7506 ppm. The increasing dose of the extract increases larvae mortality.

Background. Lymphatic filariasis, commonly known as elephantiasis, is one of the oldest and most debilitating neglected tropical diseases. Culex quinquefasciatus is the main vector of bancrofti filariasis in South East Asia. The alternative to eliminate the spreading of filariasis is by controlling the vector. The breeding of the mosquito is cut down by larvicide, especially synthetic larvicide. Continuous use of synthetic chemical larvicide can lead to mosquito’s resistance and environmental pollution. Therefore, it is essential to search for alternative larvicide which is safer and reachable, in this case for instance Zingiber zerumbet as natural larvicide. Objectives. To explore larvicidal effect of Zingiber zerumbet rhizome with ether extract. To find out LC50 and LC90 of the extract against 3rd-4th instar Culex quinquefasciatus larvae. To find out the relation between increasing of the extract dose and increasing of larvae mortality. Methods. This research is simple experimental study using WHO Guidelines For Laboratory And Field Testing Of Mosquito Larvicides. Numbers of 3rd-4th instar larvae divided into 10 treatment groups and 1 control group. Each group contains 10 larvae with 3 times replication in 100 ml solution. Larvae mortality was counted after 24 hours of exposure and the data was analyzed using probit analysis. Results. LC50 and LC90 values were 42.06944 ppm and 80.7506 ppm. The probit regression line obtained is (Y = -2.35 + 4.53X). Conclusions. Ether extract of Zingiber zerumbet rhizome has larvacidal activity against 3rd-4th instar of Culex quinquefasciatus larvae. LC50 and LC90 values were 42.06944 ppm and 80.7506 ppm. The increasing dose of the extract increases larvae mortality.

Kata Kunci : Culex quinquefasciatus, Zingiber zerumbet, natural larvicide, probit analysis