IDENTIFICATION OF BURNT SMELL COMPOUNDS AND GENERAL REACTION PRODUCTS AFTER THERMAL DECOMPOSITION PROCESS OF DEFINED COMBINED MATERIALS

Fajar Inggit Pambudi, Dr. Dwi Siswanta, M.Eng.

2014 | Tesis | S2 Ilmu Kimia

Sebelas senyawa yang menghasilkan bau khas kebakaran dan produk reaksi umum setelah proses dekomposisi termal dari sampel campuran telah diselidiki. Identifikasi produk pembakaran didasarkan pada tiga parameter utama yaitu proporsi sampel campuran, jenis gas, dan waktu tinggal sampel di pemanas. Campuran polypropylene dan polyethylene terephthalate (PP: PET) serta polypropylene dan kayu pinus (PP: kayu pinus) digunakan sebagai sampel campuran dengan kombinasi yang telah ditentukan. Percobaan dilakukan dengan menggunakan perangkat pembakaran skala laboratorium. Udara Sintetis dan nitrogen murni digunakan untuk melakukan simulasi pembakaran dan pirolisis. Produk gas yang dilepaskan dari proses dekomposisi termal di serap dengan menggunakan metode SPME yang selanjutnya digunakan untuk mengidentifikasi senyawa bau khas kebakaran. SPME di injeksikan ke GC/MS menggunakan mode sim (analisis senyawa target). Produk Reaksi umum ditentukan dengan menganalisis aseton yang mengandung gas dari proses pembakaran. Aseton dianalisis dengan menggunakan GC/MS dengan mode scanning. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa variasi proporsi sampel campuran mempengaruhi distribusi serta persentase senyawa bau terbakar dan produk reaksi umum. Dalam lingkungan gas yang berbeda, presentase naftalena menjadi perbedaan utama antara pembakaran dan pirolisis, sedangkan presentase senyawa lainnya relatif sama. Pengaruh variasi waktu tinggal dapat diamati pada beberapa produk senyawa reaksi umum. Variasi waktu tinggal yang singkat di dalam pemanas mempengaruhi persentase beberapa senyawa seperti PAH, alkana, alkena, hidrokarbon yang mengandung oksigen, dan BTEX. Sedangkan senyawa bau khas kebakaran tidak terpengaruh dengan adanya variasi waktu tinggal sampel di dalam pemanas.

The eleven burnt smell compounds and general reaction products after thermal decomposition processes of defined combined materials have been investigated. The identification of the thermolysis products was based on three defined parameters that were the proportion of the materials, the gaseous environment, and the residence time in the furnace. The mixture of polypropylene and polyethylene terephthalate (PP : PET) as well as polypropylene and pine wood (PP : pine wood) was used as the input materials in defined combination. The experiments were done by using laboratory-scale combustion device. Synthetic air and pure nitrogen were used as the gaseous environment and they were applied to differentiate between combustion and pyrolysis experiments. The gases released from the thermolysis experiments were sampled by using headspace-SPME method to identify the burnt smell compounds. Subsequently, the SPME fiber was injected into the GC/MS system in selected ion monitoring mode. The general reaction products were determined by injecting acetone which contained the trapped gases in GC/MS in scan mode. The results showed that the different proportion of the mixed materials affected the distribution as well as the proportion of the burnt smell compounds and the general reaction products. In different gaseous environment, the proportion of naphthalene became the main difference between combustion and pyrolysis experiments, while the other burnt smell compounds remained relatively the same in proportion. The effect of different residence time by combustion and pyrolysis could be observed in several general reaction compounds. In a short residence time, several compounds such as PAH, alkanes, alkenes, oxygen carrying hydrocarbons, and BTEX were influenced. In case of the burnt smell compounds, the different of residence time did not likely affect their distribution.

Kata Kunci : Dekomposisi termal, sampel campuran, senyawa bau kebakaran, produk reaksi umum, SPME, GC/MS