UJI LARVISIDA EKSTRAK ETHANOL DAUN TOMAT (Solanumlycopersicum L) TERHADAP LARVA Aedes aegypti DI LABORATORIUM

ROHMAH AYU WULANDARI, 1. dr. Tri Baskoro Tunggul Satoto, M.Sc., Ph.D; dr. Rustamaji, M.Kes

2014 | Skripsi | PENDIDIKAN DOKTER

Latar belakang : Demam Berdarah Dengue (DBD) adalah penyakit yang ditularkan oleh nyamuk Aedes aegypti. Penyakit ini merupakan masalah kesehatan yang cukup serius di negara beriklim tropis. Larvisida sintetis efektif untuk mengendalikan vektor penyakit ini, namun penggunaan yang terus-menerus dapat menimbulkan resistensi. Tanaman tomat (Solanum lycopersicum L) merupakan tanaman yang berpotensi memiliki daya larvisida, dengan kandungan aktifnya yaitu alkaloida dan saponin. Tujuan : Mengetahui daya larvisida daun tomat dilihat dari LC50 dan LC90 serta hubungan antara penambahan konsentrasi ekstrak dan jumlah kematian larva. Metode : Penelitian ini menggunakan metode eksperimental murni laboratorium. Digunakan 270 sampel larva Aedes aegypti instar III-IV, dibagi menjadi 9 kelompok uji, yaitu 0 ppm (kontrol), 156,25 ppm, 290 ppm, 424 ppm, 558 ppm, 692 ppm, 826 ppm, 960 ppm, dan 1093,75 ppm. Masing-masing kelompok berisi 10 ekor larva dalam 100 larutan ekstrak ethanol daun tomat. Dilakukan replikasi 3 kali. Data yang diperoleh dari pengamatan kematian larva Aedes aegypti selama 24 jam. Data dianalisis dengan analisa dan grafik regresi probit. Hasil : LC50 539,9218 ppm dan LC90 1030,406 ppm dengan batas kepercayaan 95%. Tidak didapatkan hitung x2 dengan heterogenitas tidak signifikan, garis ketajaman sebesar 4,566586 (>1). Kesimpulan : Ekstrak ethanol daun tomat (Solanum lycopersicum L) memiliki efek larvisida terhadap larva Aedes aegypti, Penambahan konsentrasi ekstrak ethanol daun tomat (Solanum Lycopersicum L)yang sedikit dapat meningkatkan mortalitas larva Aedes aegypti.

Background : Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever (DHF) is a disease transmitted by Aedes aegypti mosquito. This disease is a serious problem in tropical countries. Synthetic larvicidal is effective to control the disease vectors, but the use of persistent can lead to resistence. Tomato plant (Solanum lycopersicum L) is a plant that has the potential of larvicides, with the active content of alkaloids and saponins. Purpose : Finding out the larvacides effect from tomato leaves, seen from the LC50 and LC90. As well as the correlation between the addition of extract concentration and larval mortality. Method : This study uses a true experimental laboratory. 270 samples of Aedes aegypti larvae instar III-IV are used for this experiment. Divided into 9 groups of experiment, which is 0 ppm (control), 156,25 ppm, 290 ppm, 424 ppm, 558 ppm, 692 ppm, 826 ppm, 960 ppm, and 1093,75 ppm. Each container was given 100 ml ethanol tomato leaves extract solution, contained 10 larvas and replicated three times. The result of experiment are from observation of the mortalities of the larvae in 24 hours. Probit analized are used. Result : LC50 539,9218 ppm and LC90 1030,406 ppm with 95% limits. There were no x2 with heterogenety insignificant. Slope of line 4,566586 (>1). Conclusion : Ethanol extract of the tomato leaves (Solanum lycopersicum L) has the effect of larvicides against Aedes aegypti larvae, increasing concentration of ethanol extract of the tomato leaves can increase the mortality of Aedes aegypti.

Kata Kunci : Kata kunci : Larvisida, Aedes aegypti, Solanum lycopersicum L