PARTISIPASI MASYARAKAT DALAM PENGELOLAAN SUMBERDAYA AIR PERMUKAAN DI SUB DAS BENGAWAN SOLO KABUPATEN BOYOLALI BAGIAN SELATAN

DITYA WISHNU ARIFAL, Prof. Dr. H. Sudarmadji, M., Eng., Sc.

2014 | Tesis | S2 Geografi

Risiko bencana kekeringan dan banjir dapat diminimalkan dengan mengelola potensi sumberdaya air permukaan. Pengelolaan sumberdaya air permukaan dapat dilakukan dengan kegiatan partisipasi masyarakat. Penelitian ini bertujuan (1) memetakan wilayah potensial sumberdaya air permukaan dan wilayah rawan bencana (kekeringan dan banjir), (2) menganalisis karakteristik dan tingkat partisipasi masyarakat dalam pengelolaan sumberdaya air permukaan, dan (3) merumuskan strategi partisipasi masyarakat dalam pengelolaan sumberdaya air permukaan yang tepat sesuai kondisi daerah penelitian. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kombinasi (mixed methods). Pengambilan sampel menggunakan metode proporsional sampling. Variabel yang digunakan meliputi umur, jenis kelamin, pendidikan, pekerjaan dan penghasilan, kebudayaan, serta frekuensi partisipasi yang dianalisis ke dalam empat tahapan partisipasi (perencanaan, pelaksanaan, pemanfaatan, dan evaluasi). Data dikumpulkan dengan wawancara terstruktur dan kuesioner (kuantitatif) serta melalui survei dan wawancara mendalam (kualitatif) untuk memperoleh informasi tentang partisipasi masyarakat dalam pengelolaan sumberdaya air permukaan. Hasil penelitian yaitu (1) Potensi sumberdaya air permukaan di daerah penelitian meliputi mata air yang banyak tersebar di 6 Kecamatan (Ampel, Boyolali, Mojosongo, Teras, Banyudono, dan Sawit), terdapat 3 sungai utama (Sungai Gandul, Sungai Cemoro, Sungai Pepe), Waduk Cengklik di Kecamatan Ngemplak, dan embung di Kecamatan Musuk dan Cepogo. Kerawanan bencana kekeringan tahun 2009 tersebar di 9 kecamatan (Selo, Cepogo, Ampel, Musuk, Boyolali, Mojosongo, Sambi, Nogosari, Simo), tahun 2010 tersebar di 8 desa Kecamatan Musuk (Sangup, Jemowo, Sumur, Dragan, Karanganyar, Lampar, Pagerjurang, dan Keposong). (2) Tingkat partisipasi secara umum “tinggi” skor 148,35 dengan tipe “partisipasi fungsional”. Tingkat partisipasi masyarakat dalam pengelolaan sumberdaya air permukaan pada tiap tahap kegiatan adalah tahap perencanaan “sedang” skor 34,79, tahap pelaksanaan “sedang” skor 35,66, tahap pemanfaatan “tinggi” skor 38,71, dan evaluasi “tinggi” skor 39,19. Kategori partisipasi “sedang” pada tahap perencanaan dan pelaksanaan berarti kesadaran masyarakat dalam melakukan kegiatan pengelolaan sumberdaya air permukaan tersebut cukup tinggi (sedang) dan diterapkan dengan cukup baik. Kategori partisipasi “tinggi” pada tahap pemanfaatan dan evaluasi berarti kesadaran masyarakat dalam melakukan kegiatan pengelolaan sumberdaya air permukaan tersebut cenderung tinggi dan diterapkan dengan baik. (3) Strategi kebijakan menurut analisis SWOT dalam pengelolaan sumberdaya air permukaan memprioritaskan program optimalisasi potensi wisata minapolitan, pelestarian budaya/kearifan lokal, pemberdayaan masyarakat dalam pembangunan daerah, dan pembangunan akses jalan termasuk jaringan perpipaan air bersih dan drainase.

The risk of drought and flood can be minimized by managing the potential of surface water resources. The management of surface water can be implemented by the community participation. This research is aimed (1) to map the potential areas of surface water resources and disaster-prone areas (drought and flood), (2) to analyze the characteristics and the level of community participation in the management of surface water resources, and (3) to formulate a strategy of community participation of the proper management of surface water resources in accordance with the condition of the research area. This research employed mixed methods. The sampling employed a proportional sampling method. The variables used were age, gender, education, occupation and income, culture, and the frequency of participation which was analyzed into four participation stages (planning, implementation, utilization, and evaluation). The data were collected by structured interviews and questionnaires (quantitative), as well as by surveys and in-depth interviews (qualitative) to obtain information on the community participation in the management of surface water resources. The results of the research are (1) the potential of the surface water resources in the research area are including spring water, spread in 6 districts (Ampel, Boyolali, Mojosongo, Teras, Banyudono, and Sawit). There are 3 major rivers (Gandul River, Cemoro River, Pepe River), Cengklik Reservoir in Ngemplak District, and ponds in Musuk District and Cepogo District. The vulnerability to drought disaster in 2009 is spread across 9 districts (Selo, Cepogo, Ampel, Musuk, Boyolali, Mojosongo, Sambi, Nogosari, Simo). In 2010, it is spread across 8 villages in Musuk District (Sangup, Jemowo, Sumur, Dragan, Karanganyar, Lampar, Pagerjurang, and Keposong). (2) The level of the participation is generally \\"high\\" with a score of 148,35 with \\"functional participation\\" type. The level of community participation in the management of surface water resources at each stage of the planning activities is \\"fair\\", with a score of 34,79, the implementation stage is \\"fair\\", with a score of 35,66, the utilization stage is \\"high\\", with a score of 38,71, and the evaluation is \\"high\\", with a score of 39,19. The participation category is \\"fair\\" at the planning and implementation stages, which means the community awareness in performing surface water management is quite high (fair) and is applied quite well. The participation category is \\"high\\" in the utilization and evaluation stages which means that the community awareness in implementing surface water management tends to be high and is applied well. (3) The policy strategies, according to the SWOT analysis in the management of surface water resources, are prioritizing on the optimization program of the Minapolitan tourism potential, the preservation of the culture/local wisdom, the community empowerment in the regional development, and the construction of road access, including water pipe networks and drainage.

Kata Kunci : Partisipasi Masyarakat, Pengelolaan Air Permukaan, Analisis SWOT