GRADIEN KARAKTERISTIK HABITAT PERAIRAN SUNGAI WAY KAMBASDI TAMAN NASIONAL WAY KAMBAS

Itno Itoyo, Dr. Dra. Erny Poedjirahajoe, M.P.

2014 | Tesis | S2 Ilmu Kehutanan

Sungai Way Kambas (WK) adalah bagian Taman Nasional Way Kambas (TNWK) yang memiliki peran penting untuk menyediakan air bagi satwa. Penggunaan lahan di sekitar hulu aliran seperti pemukiman, pertanian, perkebunan, peternakan dan pabrik pengolahan tepung tapioka mempengaruhi perairan. Karakteristik habitat perlu diketahui untuk memperoleh informasi tentang statusnya, sehinggaupaya pengelolaannya lebih tepat. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk: 1) mengetahui karakteristik habitat perairan sungai. 2) mengkaji gradien karakteristik habitatperairan sungai. 3) mengetahui hubungan antar variabel karakteristik dengan plankton dan bentos. 4) mengetahui pengaruh jarak sumber pencemaran dengan karakteristik perairan Penelitian ini dilakukan di sungai WK yang mengalir di kawasanTNWKdengan panjang40 km. Penempatan sampel dilakukansecara sistematis, sebanyak 12titik pengamatan dengan jarak antar titik pengamatan 4 km. Pengambilan sampel dilakukan sebanyak2(dua) kali ulangan. Parameter yang diukuryaitutemperatur, salinitas, Total Disolved Suspend (TDS), pH (derajat keasaman), turbiditas, konduktivitas, Biological Oxygen Disolved (BOD), Disolved Oxygen (DO), Total Suspended Solid (TSS), Chemical Oxygen Disolved (COD), Amonia (NH3-N), Phospat, MBAS, MPN-Kuman. Analisis kualitas air dengan membandingkan kepadakriteria mutu kelas 1pada PP No 82/2001, analisis plankton dan bentosuntuk memperoleh dominansi, keanekaragaman dan kesamaan. Analisis statistik yang dipergunakan yaitu anova, uji perbandingan dua pengamatan, korelasi dan regresi tunggal dan berganda. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa rata-rata kualitas fisika dan kimia yaitu temperatur (27,6oC dan 26,5oC),salinitas (79,2 ppm dan 56,6 ppm),TDS (113,1 mg/L dan 28,3 mg/L),pH (6,5 dan 7),kekeruhan (82,5 cm dan 46,5 cm),konduktivitas (179,67 μS/cm dan 41,11 μS/cm),BOD (1,725 mg/L dan 1,55 mg/L),DO (4,0 mg/L dan 3,86 mg/L),TSS (21,5 mg/L dan 14,3 mg/L),COD (11,0 mg/L dan 17,2 mg/L),NH3-N (0,06 mg/L dan 0,123 mg/L),Pospat (0,026 mg/L dan 0,038 mg/L),MBAS (0,395 mg/L dan 2,150 mg/L),MPN-Kuman (186,25 MPN/100 ml dan 741,33 MPN/100 ml). Menurut PP 82/2001 variabel kualitas di luar ambang batas yaitu BOD,DO,COD, NH3-N. Karakteristik plankton meliputi rata-rata jenis, jumlah, dominansi, keaneka-ragaman, kesamaan plankton adalah (31,17;25,83),(129,83;226,50), (0,124;0,193), (2,544;2,273),(0,530;0,423) dan bentos adalah (9,83;10,67),(41,58;41,33),(0,181;0,113), (2,004;2,071),(0,553;0,320).Gradien karakteristik habitat perairan sungai WK pada ulangan pertama berdasar-kan variabel pH,TSS,jumlah plankton, dominansi plankton,kesamaan bentos,sedangkan pada ulangan kedua berdasarkan variabel temperatur,salinitas, konduktivitas,TDS,NH3-N,Pospat dan MPN-Kuman.Variabel yang menunjukkan korelasi yang kuat jarak sumber pencemar ulangan pertama adalah TSS, MBAS, ulangan kedua adalah NH3-N, pospat, MPN-Kuman, jenis plankton, jenis bentos. Jarak sumber pencemaran mempunyai pengaruh signifikan terhadap beberapa variabel kualitas air yaitu amonia F0,05(16,581;0,002) dengan persamaan Y=0,273-0,007X,pospat F0,05(27,548;0,000) dengan persamaan Y=0,080- 0,002X,MPN-Kuman F0,05(11,051;0,008),dengan persamaan Y=1629,32–40,211X.Karakteristik plankton dan bentos dipengaruhi oleh jarak sumber pencemaran. Variabel kimia yang mempunyai korelasi kuat dengan plankton dan bentos baik musim kemarau dan hujan adalah DO, amonia, pospat, MBAS, MPN-Kuman. Kata kunci: habitat, sungaiWay Kambas, kualitas air, plankton dan bentos

Way Kambas river (WK) as part ofWKNP which has an important role to provide water for the wildlife animal. Land use around of the upstream flow such settlements, agriculture, plantation, farm and processing tapioca flour industries affect its water quality. Habitat characteristics of WK river need to be known to obtain information about its status, so that more effective management efforts. The research aims to: 1) determine the habitat characteristics of river. 2) assess the gradient characteristics of habitat river. 3) determine the relationship between the variables of characteristics with the plankton and benthos. 4) determine the effect of the distance source of pollution with characteristics habitat. This research was conducted at the WK river flowing in the region WKNP with a length of 40 km. Placement sample is done in a systematic, a total of 12 observation points with the distance between the observation point 4 km. Sampling was carried out for 2 (two) replications. Parameters measured the temperature, salinity, total Disolved Suspend (TDS), pH (acidity), turbidity, conductivity, Biological Oxygen Disolved (BOD), Disolved Oxygen (DO), Total Suspended Solid (TSS), Chemical Oxygen Disolved (COD), Ammonia (NH3-N), phosphate, MBAs, MPN-Germs. Analysis of water quality by comparing the quality criteria grade 1 to Regulation No. 82/2001, the analysis of plankton and benthos to gain dominance, diversity and equality. Statistical analysis used the ANOVA, test comparison of two observations, correlation and regression single and multiple. The results showed that the average quality of the physics and chemistry first and second replicates are temperature (27,6oC and 26,5oC), salinity (79,2 ppm and 56,6 ppm), TDS (113,1 mg / L and 28,3 mg / L), pH (6,5 and 7), turbidity (82,5 cm and 46,5 cm), conductivity (179,67 microseconds / cm and 41,11 microseconds/cm), BOD (1,725 mg / L and 1,55 mg / L), DO (4,0 mg / L and 3,86 mg / L), TSS (21,5 mg / L and 14,3 mg / L), COD (11,0 mg / L and 17,2 mg / L), NH3-N (0,06 mg / L and 0,123 mg / L), phosphate (0,026 mg / L and 0,038 mg / L), MBAS (0,395 mg / L and 2,150 mg / L), MPN-Germs (186,25 MPN / 100 ml and 741,33 MPN / 100 ml). According to PP 82/2001 variable quality beyond that threshold BOD, DO, COD, NH3- N. Average of the first and second replicates species, number, dominance, diversity, similarity plankton are (31,17;25,83),(129,83;226,50), (0,124;0,193), (2,544;2,273),(0,530;0,423) and benthos are (9,83;10,67), (41,58;41,33), (0,181;0,113), (2,004;2,071), (0,553;0,320). The characteristic of habitats gradient Way Kambas river on the first replay based variable pH, TSS, number of plankton, dominance of plankton, benthos similarity, while the second replicates based variable temperature, salinity, conductivity, TDS, NH3-N, phosphate and MPN-Germs. Variables that showed a strong correlation in the first repeat between distance of source pollution are TSS, MBAS and replicates second are NH3-N, phosphate, MPN-Germs. Distance source pollution has a significant influence on some water quality variables, namely ammonia F0,05(16,581;0,002) with the equation Y = 0,273-0,007X, phosphate F0,05(27,548;0,000) by the equation Y = 0,080-0,002X, MPN- germs F0,05(11,051; 0.008), with the equation Y = 1629,32-40,211X. Characteristics of plankton and benthos areaffected by pollutant resourcedistance. Chemical variables that have strong correlation with plankton and benthos both dry and rainy season are disolved oxygen, ammonia, phosphate, MBAs, and MPN-Germs. Keywords: habitat, Way Kambas river, water quality, plankton and benthos

Kata Kunci : habitat, sungaiWay Kambas, kualitas air, plankton dan bentos