GASIFIKASI CAMPURAN TONGKOL JAGUNG DAN KAYU PINUS MENGGUNAKAN DOWNDRAFT GASIFIER

MOHAMMAD FANNI FICKAR RAHMAN, Dr. Ir. Bambang Purwantana., M.Agr ; Sri Markumningsih., STP. M.Sc

2014 | Skripsi | TEKNIK PERTANIAN

Gasifikasi merupakan suatu teknologi untuk mengkonversi biomassa padat menjadi gas menggunakan gasifier. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh pencampuran kayu pinus dengan tongkol jagung sebagai bahan bakar dan kinerjanya pada gasifikasi. Penelitian dilakukan dengan memberikan variasi campuran kayu pinus 0%, 5%, 10%, 15% dan 20%. Parameter yang diamati adalah suhu di ruang reduksi, suhu kompor, waktu efektif nyala api, waktu operasional gasifier, volume tar, sisa pembakaran biomassa dan frekuensi pengaturan turun bahan. Pengaruh perlakuan terhadap kinerja gasifikasi ditentukan melalui analisis statistik dengan metode uji faktorial rancangan acak lengkap. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penambahan kayu pinus untuk gasifikasi tongkol jagung berpengaruh nyata pada suhu di ruang reduksi, volume tar dan sisa pembakaran biomassa namun tidak berpengaruh nyata terhadap suhu kompor, waktu efektif nyala api, waktu operasional gasifier dan frekuensi pengaturan turun bahan. Suhu di ruang reduksi dan kompor tertinggi pada campuran 15% dan 20%. Waktu efektif nyala api dan operasional gasifier terlama pada campuran 5% dan 15%. Volume tar dan sisa pembakaran paling rendah pada campuran 5% dan 0%. Frekuensi pengaturan turun bahan paling rendah pada campuran 10%. Berdasarkan peringkat dengan penjumlahan score dari identifikasi parameter yang diamati maka campuran 10% kayu pinus merupakan komposisi tepat untuk gasifikasi tongkol jagung.

Gasification is a technology for converting solid biomass into gas using a gasifier. This research aims are to determine the effect of mixing pine wood with corn cobs as fuel and its performance in gasification. The research was conducted by giving a mixture of pine wood variation of 0%, 5%, 10%, 15% and 20%. The parameters that observed were temperature of reduction zone, stove temperature, effective time of flame, gasifier operation time, tar volume, mass of char residue, frequency setting of material flow. The variation effect on gasification performance was determined by statistical analysis of factorial completely randomized design. The results showed that the addition of pine wood for gasification of corn cob have significant effect in reduction zone temperature, tar volume and residual of materials, but did not significantly effect in stove temperature, effective time of flame, gasifier operation time and frequency setting of materials flow. The highest temperature of reduction zone and stove temperature were in 15% and 20% mixture. The longest effective time of flame and gasifier operation time were in 5 % and 15% mixture. The lowest tar volume and residual combustion were in 5 % and 0% mixture. The lowest frequency setting of materials flow was in 10% mixture. Based of the ranking with total score from the identification parameters observed, the mixture of 10% pine wood is the appropriate composition for gasification of corn cobs.

Kata Kunci : Gasification, mixture, performance, corn cobs, pine wood