PENGEMBANGAN PANEL DINDING POLYSTYRENE DENGAN PERKUATAN KERTAS ROTI DI BAGIAN PERMUKAANNYA

I GEDE YOHAN KAFRAIN, Ir. Suprapto Siswosukarto

2014 | Tesis | S2 Teknik Sipil

Panel dinding beton dengan agregat dari limbah polystyrene (panel dinding polystyrene), pada penelitian-penelitian terdahulu masih memiliki berat per satuan luas relatif tinggi dan kekuatannya masih rendah. Dengan mengurangi ketebalan panel dinding polystyrene, memberi pengempaan yang lebih tinggi diharapkan dapat mengurangi berat per satuan luas dan meningkatkan kekuatan dari panel dinding polystyrene. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kuat tekan, berat isi, modulus elastisitas, kadar air, serapan air dari beton dengan agregat polystyrene (beton polystyrene), kuat lentur, kuat tekan vertikal dari panel dinding polystyrene dan penurunan kekakuan akibat beban berulang. Dalam penelitian pengembangan panel dinding polystyrene ini, digunakan 24 benda uji panel yang berukuran panjang 800 mm, lebar 300 mm, tebal 10 mm. Untuk 12 benda uji diberi perkuatan kertas roti di bagian permukaannya dan 12 benda uji lainnya tidak diberi perkuatan. Panel dibuat melalui proses pengempaan terukur yaitu sebesar 2 MPa. Perbandingan campuran ditetapkan yaitu dengan variasi semen 300 kg/m3 dan 250 kg/m3 dengan menggunakan fas sebesar 0,30. Pengujian panel dinding polystyrene dilakukan berdasarkan SNI 03-3122-1992 (Panel Beton Ringan Berserat) yang dimodifikasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan kuat tekan dan modulus elastisitas tertinggi dihasilkan dari beton polystyrene semen 300 kg/m3 dengan rata-rata kuat tekan 5,261 MPa, nilai modulus elastisitas reratanya 356,233 MPa. Kadar air dan serapan air terendah dihasilkan dari beton polystyrene semen 300 kg/m3 yaitu dengan kadar air 6,68% dan rerata serapan air sebesar 8,23%. Berat isi terendah sebesar 1467,828 kg/m3, dihasilkan dari beton polystyrene semen 250 kg/m3. Kuat lentur tertinggi diperoleh dari panel dinding polystyrene semen 300 kg/m3 dengan perkuatan kertas roti yaitu sebesar 3,249 MPa dengan kuat tekan vertikalnya sebesar 0,835 MPa. Hasil penelitian ini dapat digunakan sebagai dinding dengan ukuran panel 600x1200 mm atau 1200x2400 mm dengan kapasitas penampang sebesar 19566,073 N.mm. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan semakin tinggi kandungan semen dalam satu proporsi campuran maka kuat tekan, berat jenis, modulus elastisitas beton polystyrene yang dihasilkan semakin tinggi dan kadar air serta serapan airnya semakin rendah. Dengan memberi perkuatan kertas roti dapat meningkatkan kuat lentur panel dinding polystyrene sebesar 62-80%. Dari hasil pengujian beban berulang, diperoleh hasil bahwa tidak ada konsistensi penurunan kekakuan akibat beban berulang dengan 20 siklus pembebanan.

Concrete wall panels with aggregate from waste polystyrene (polystyrene wall panels), in previous researches still have weight per area is relatively high and low strength. By reducing the thickness of the polystyrene wall panels, giving higher compression, expected to reduce the weight per unit area and increase the strength of the polystyrene wall panels. This study aims to determine the compressive strength, bulk density, modulus of elasticity, moisture content, the water absorption of aggregate concrete with polystyrene (polystyrene concrete), flexural strength, compressive strength of vertical wall panels polystyrene and a decrease in stiffness due to repeated loads. In the research development of this polystyrene wall panels, used 24 panels measuring the specimen length of 800 mm, width 300 mm, thickness 10 mm. For the 12 test objects were given reinforcement baking paper in the surface and 12 other test objects were not given reinforcement. Comparison of the mixture is determined by the variation of cement 300 kg/m3 and 250 kg/m3 using fas of 0.30. Polystyrene wall panel testing done by SNI 03-3122-1992 (Lightweight Concrete Panels Fiber) is modified. The results showed compressive strength and modulus of elasticity of concrete produced the highest polystyrene cement 300 kg/m3 with an average of 5.261 MPa compressive strength, value of the average modulus of elasticity of 356.233 MPa. Water content and low water absorption resulting from polystyrene cement concrete of 300 kg/m3 is the water content of 6.68% and the average water absorption of 8.23%. The lowest bulk density of 1467.828 kg/m3, polystyrene cement concrete produced from 250 kg/m3. The highest flexural strength obtained from polystyrene cement wall panel 300 kg/m3 with baking paper reinforcement is equal to 3,249 MPa the vertical compressive strength of 0.835 MPa. The results of this study can be used as wall panels with a size of 600x1200 mm or 1200x2400 mm with a capacity of cross section 19566.073 N.mm. The results of this study showed higher cement content in the mix proportions, the compressive strength, density, modulus of elasticity of concrete polystyrene produced higher and water content and lower water uptake. By giving the retrofitting of baking paper can improve the flexural strength polystyrene wall panels for 62-80%. From the results of repeated load testing, the results showed that there was no consistent reduction in stiffness due to repeated load by 20 cycles of loading.

Kata Kunci : Panel dinding, Limbah polystyrene, Kertas roti