SINTESIS DAN KARAKTERISASI POLIURETAN BERPORI DARI GLISEROL DAN ETILENADIAMINA SERTA UJI KAPASITAS ADSORPSINYA TERHADAP SENYAWA KARSINOGENIK PADA ASAP ROKOK

RICKY ANDI SYAHPUTRA, Prof. Dr. Wega Trisunaryanti, M. Eng.

2014 | Tesis | S2 Ilmu Kimia

Telah dilakukan penelitian tentang sintesis dan karakterisasi poliuretan berpori dari gliserol dan etilenadiamina serta uji kapasitas adsorpsinya terhadap senyawa karsinogenik pada asap rokok. Poliuretan berpori disintesis dengan variasi volume gliserol ditambahkan dengan polietilen glikol (PEG 1000) dan 4,4’-difenilmetana diisosianat (MDI). Perbandingan gliserol terhadap (PEG 1000 dan MDI) adalah 0/3, 1/3, 2/3, 3/3, dan 4/3. Poliuretan dengan perbandingan gliserol yang optimum selanjutnya ditambahkan etilenadiamina dengan beberapa variasi. Dikeringkan pada suhu 50 °C selama 3 jam. Kemudian dikarakterisasi dengan FT-IR, pengujian HBI, perhitungan derajat penggembungan, penentuan luas permukaan spesifik, rerata jejari pori, volume total pori menggunakan Gas Sorption Analyzer (GSA), dan diuji daya tahan adsorben terhadap pelarut serta diuji kemampuan adsorpsi adsorben dengan mengaliri asap rokok. Selanjutnya adsorben yang telah mengadsorpsi senyawa karsinogenik dianalisis dengan FT-IR dan diekstraksi dengan diklorometana serta ekstraknya dianalisis dengan GC-MS. Hasil analisis FT-IR menunjukkan bahwa dengan penambahan gliserol dan etilenadiamina telah terbentuk poliuretan berpori. Berdasarkan perhitungan HBI dan derajat penggembungan, kondisi optimum poliuretan yaitu perbandingan 1/3 (PU1). Penambahan etilenadiamina yang menghasilkan karakter busa yaitu dengan penambahan 0,05 mL (PU1E1). Berdasarkan GSA, PU1 dan PU1E1 memiliki adsorpsi isotermal tipe I (mikropori) dengan luas permukaan spesifik, rerata jejari pori, dan volume total pori secara berurut, PU1 yaitu 17,128 m2/g; 18,656 Å; 0,016 cc/g dan PU1E1 yaitu 6,642 m2/g; 13,770 Å; 0,004 cc/g. Berdasarkan uji aktifitas adsorben, PU1 mengadsorpsi 0,86% (b/b) dan PU1E1 mengadsorpsi 5,36% (b/b). Senyawa karsinogenik yang dapat diadsorpsi yaitu toluena, eugenol, azulena dan azulenon (PAH), aldehida dan fenol.

Synthesis and characterization of porous polyurethane from glycerol and ethylenediamine with its adsorption capacity toward carcinogenic compounds on cigarette smoke was conducted. Porous polyurethane was synthesized by variations volume of glycerol toward polyethylene glycol (PEG) 1000 and 4,4'- diphenylmethane diisocyanate (MDI). The volume ratio of glycerol toward (PEG 1000 and MDI) was 0/3, 1/3, 2/3, 3/3, and 4/3. Polyurethane with an optimum ratio of glycerol was added ethylenediamine with some variations. Dried at 50 °C for 3 hours. Polyurethane was characterized by FT-IR, HBI testing, swelling degree calculating, determining of specific surface area, average pore radii, and total pore volume with GSA, and tested resistance to solvents and adsorption capacity of the adsorbent with smoke flowing. Furthermore, the adsorbent with carcinogenic compound was analyzed by FT-IR and it was extracted with dichloromethane. The extract was analyzed by GC-MS. The results of FT-IR analysis showed that the porous polyurethane with the addition of glycerol and ethylenediamine can be performed. Based on the HBI and swelling degrees calculation, the optimum condition of polyurethane which was the ratio 1/3 (PU1). The addition of ethylenediamine which produced the character foam was added 0.05 mL (PU1E1). Under the GSA, PU1 and PU1E1 have isotherm adsorption type I (microporous) with specific surface area, average pore radii, and total pore volume sequentially, PU1 was 17.128 m2/g; 18.656 Å; 0.016 cc/g and PU1E1 was 6.642 m2/g; 13.770 Å; 0.004 cc/g. Based on the testing activity adsorbents, PU1 and PU1E1 was adsorbed carcinogenic compounds 0.86% and 5.36% (w/w) respectively. The carcinogenic compounds which can be adsorbed by the adsorbent, namely toluene, eugenol, azulene and azulenone (PAH), aldehydes and phenols.

Kata Kunci : Gliserol, poliuretan berpori, etilenadiamina, taut silang, senyawa karsinogenik