STUDI MORFOLOGI TRAKTUS RESPIRATORIUS DAN TINGKAH LAKU BERNAFAS LUMBA-LUMBA HIDUNG BOTOL INDO-PASIFIK (Tursiops aduncus) ASAL PERAIRAN UTARA LAUT JAWA

BOBBY TANJA HARIDIANTA TARIGAN, Dr. Drh. Hery Wijayanto, MP

2014 | Skripsi | KEDOKTERAN HEWAN

Lumba-lumba hidung botol Indo-Pasifik (Tursiops aduncus) merupakan salah satu spesies mamalia air yang hidup di perairan Indonesia. Tursiops aduncus masuk ke dalam kategori data deficient berdasarkan IUCN dan terdaftar dalam Appendix II menurut CITES. Pengetahuan dan data mengenai traktus respiratorius Tursiops aduncus masih sangat kurang, terutama yang berasal dari perairan Indonesia. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui gambaran morfologi traktus respiratorius lumba-lumba hidung botol Indo-Pasifik (Tursiops aduncus) serta tingkah laku bernafasnya. Penelitian ini menggunakan satu kadaver T. aduncus jantan dewasa, yang mati karena luka-luka akibat tersangkut jaring nelayan di laut utara Jawa, di fasilitas milik PT. Wersut Seguni Indonesia (WSI), Weleri, Kendal, Jawa Tengah. Pengukuran tubuh dan tindakan nekropsi kadaver dilakukan di fasilitas milik PT. WSI, sedangkan pengukuran traktus respiratorius dilakukan di laboratorium Makroanatomi FKH UGM. Pengukuran traktus dilakukan dengan alat bantu berupa jangka sorong dan pita ukur. Pengamatan tingkah laku bernafas dilakukan di fasilitas milik PT. WSI selama 3 hari. Data anatomis dan tingkah laku bernafasnya serta hasil dokumentasi yang didapatkan dari traktus respiratorius dikumpulkan menjadi kesatuan data utuh. Data tersebut digunakan sebagai gambaran morfologi traktus respiratorius Tursiops aduncus yang kemudian di analisa secara deskriptif. Berdasarkan hasil pengamatan dan pengukuran, diketahui bahwa panjang saluran nasal T. aduncus adalah 11,72 cm dengan panjang celah blowhole 3,9 cm. Sepanjang saluran nasal dapat ditemukan 5 kantung udara. Struktur goosebeak yang dibentuk oleh kartilago epiglottis dan corniculata dapat ditemukan di laring T. aduncus. Panjang trakea, bronkus assesorius, bronkus sinister dan bronkus dexter berturut-turut adalah 10,82 cm, 7,5 cm, 4,3 cm, dan 6,5 cm. Sepanjang trakea sampai bronkiolus dapat ditemukan cincin kartilago tidak beraturan. Jumlah cincin kartilago trakea, bronkus assesorius, bronkus sinister dan bronkus dexter berturut-turut adalah 5 buah, 9 buah, 6 buah dan 13 buah. Tingkah laku bernafas T. aduncus di penangkaran dipengaruhi oleh lama waktu lumba-lumba di penangkaran.

The Indo-Pacific bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops aduncus) are one of the water mammals species that live in Indonesian water. T. aduncus is categorized as data deficient based on the IUCN and also listed Appendix II in the CITES. Knowledge and data about respiratory tract of Indo-Pacific bottlenose dolphin are still very insufficient, especially originated from Indonesian waters. The aim of this study is to describe respiratory tract’s morphology of Indo-Pacific bottlenose dolphin, and its breathing mannerisms. One adult male of T. aduncus cadaver was used in this research, which died in the facility owned by PT. Wersut Seguni Indonesia (WSI), Weleri, Kendal, Central Java, due to multiple wounds caused by fishermen’ nets on the North Sea of Java. Body measurements and necropsy of cadaver was done in the facilities owned by PT. WSI, while measurement of respiratory tract was carried out in Gross Anatomy Laboratory of FKH UGM. Tracts were measured using vernier caliper and measuring tape. Breathing mannerisms was observed in the facilities owned by PT. WSI for 3 days. Anatomical data and its breathing mannerisms as well as documentation were obtained from respiratory tract, were collected and compiled into a oneness data of entire description about the morphology of Tursiops aduncus’s respiratory tract and then it was analyzed descriptively. Based on the observations and measurements, it is known that the length of nasal passage and blowhole slit is 11,72 cm and 3,9 cm. Throughout the nasal passage can be found 5 air sacs. The length of trachea, accessory bronchus, sinister bronchus and dexter bronchus are 10,82 cm, 7,5 cm, 4,3 cm, and 6,5 cm respectively. Irregular cartilage rings can be found throughout the trachea until bronchioles. The number of cartilage ring on trachea, accessory bronchus, sinister bronchus and dexter bronchus are 5, 9, 6, and 13 piece respectively. Breathing manerism of T. aduncus in captivity influenced by the length of time spent by dolphin in captivity.

Kata Kunci : Lumba-lumba hidung botol Indo-Pasifik, Tursiops aduncus, traktus respiratorius, morfologi