Korelasi Diversitas dan Densitas Fitoplankton Terhadap Konsentrasi Nutrien dan Kadmium di Kolam Pengolahan Lindi TPST Piyungan, Bantul, Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta

AFINA DINA KAMILA, Dr. Suwarno Hadisusanto

2014 | Skripsi | BIOLOGI

Kolam pengolahan limbah lindi TPST Piyungan belum dapat mengolah limbah secara maksimal sehingga menghasilkan efluen sekunder masih mengandung nutrien yang mampu menyebabkan eutrofikasi. Untuk mengatasi masalah tersebut dapat dilakukan bioremediasi menggunakan fitoplankton yang mudah beradaptasi dan memiliki kemampuan remediasi. Beberapa genus diketahui mampu hidup dalam kolam pengolahan lindi TPST Piyungan, namun belum ada informasi potensi sebagai agen bioremidiator Untuk itu dilakukan penelitian yang bertujuan untuk mempelajari diversitas dan densitas fitoplankton di kolam pengolahan limbah lindi. Secara khusus mempelajari korelasi diversitas dan densitas plankton tersebut dengan parameter fisikokimia dan konsentrasi polutan di kolam pengolahan limbah lindi. Dilakukan pengambilan sampel pada tiga kolam di TPST Piyungan dengan masing-masing dua ulangan dengan metode filtrasi menggunakan plankton net 100 mesh. Sampel diamati dengan menggunakan metode strip counting dengan SRCC. Konsentrasi polutan yang diuji adalah total N, total P dan Cd. Hasil yang didapatkan total 8 genus dapat hidup dalam kolam lindi. Indeks diversitas Shannon-Wienner di ketiga titik sampling sangat rendah yaitu berturut-turut 1,226, 0,235, 0,003 yang menandakan perairan tersebut sangat tercemar. Chlamydomonas diketahui hidup di perairan eutrofik dan mengalami ledakan populasi pada titik sampling III karena kemampuannya akumulasi Cd dan bertahan pada kondisi rendah oksigen. Total densitas fitoplankton berkorelasi negatif dengan konsentrasi total N dan total P, namun tidak berkorelasi dengan konsentrasi Cd.

Secondary effluent of leachate treatment pond of Piyungan landfill is still containing highly nutrients that can conduct to eutrophication. Bioremediation can be done to solve this problem using phytoplankton which can adapt well and has capability of remediation. Some genera have been found in leachate treatment pond of TPST Piyungan, but there is no information about their capability of remediation. This study discussed the diversity and density of phytoplankton in leachate treatment ponds. Furthermore, the physical-chemical parameters were measured. This study was conducted in Leachate Treatment Pond TPST Piyungan. Samples were taken from three ponds using plankton net 100 mesh filtration. Phytoplanktons were enumerated in SRCC. Concentrations of total N, total P and Cd of each pond were measured. The result showed there were eight genera found in leachate treatment pond of TPST Piyungan. Shannon-Wienner index of each pond was 1.226, 0.235, 0.003, respectively. This result showed that phytoplankton in leachate treatment pond of TPST Piyungan had very low diversity and high density. This study reported that Chlamydomonas could be found in eutrophic environment and experienced bloom since their ability to accumulate Cd and survived in low oxygen condition. Total density of phytoplankton had negative correlation with total N and total P concentration but had no correlation with Cd concentration.

Kata Kunci : diversitas, densitas, fitoplankton, Chlamydomonas, eutrofikasi