UJI FUNGSI HEPAR DAN REN IKAN NILA (Oreochromis niloticus Linn, 1758) SETELAH DIINFEKSI BAKTERI Aeromonas hydrophila Schubert, 1964

MOSA RINI NURUL H, Laksmindra Fitria, S.Si, M.Si

2014 | Skripsi | BIOLOGI

Ikan nila yang terinfeksi bakteri A. hydrophila dapat menunjukkan ciriciri morfologi ikan sehat. Oleh karena itu, tinjauan fisiologis tetap diperlukan untuk mendeteksi status kesehatan ikan. Penelitian ini untuk mempelajari kondisi fisiologis ikan nila yang diinfeksi A. hydrophila ditinjau dari uji fungsi hepar (hati) dan ren (ginjal) dengan variabel pengujian ALT (Alanine Transferase) dan kreatinin dengan pengamatan gejala klinis dan histopatologis sebagai data pendukung. Delapan belas ekor ikan nila dibagi menjadi 3 kelompok: kontrol (diinjeksi i.m PBS sebanyak 0,1 mL) dan perlakuan (diinjeksi i.m A. hydrophila dorman 4x108 sel/mL sebanyak 0,1 mL dan diinjeksi i.m A. hydrophila virulen 1,5x108 sel/mL sebanyak 0,1 mL). Pengamatan dilakukan pada hari ke-0; 3; dan 7 dengan analisis statistik One-Way ANOVA dilanjutkan DMRT dengan tingkat kepercayaan 95%. Pengamatan histopatologi dilakukan pada hari ke-7. Hasil menunjukkan kadar ALT mengalami penurunan yang signifikan pada semua perlakuan. Kadar kreatinin mengalami penurunan pada kontrol dan kelompok yang diinjeksi bakteri A. hydrophila revirulen. Perubahan kadar ALT dan kreatinin kedua perlakuan tersebut masih dalam kisaran baseline. Hal tersebut menunjukkan infeksi bakteri A. hydrophila tidak mempengaruhi kadar ALT dan kreatinin. Gejala klinis yang teramati yaitu warna tubuh gelap, lisis pada sirip pektoral, dan edema pada perut. Hepar ikan nila yang diinfeksi bakteri A. hydrophila mengalami degenerasi bengkak keruh, degenerasi hidrofik, degenerasi perlemakan, nekrosis, dan kerusakan jaringan. Pada ren ikan nila yang diinfeksi bakteri A. hydrophila terdapat kondisi yang sama dengan hepar kecuali kerusakan jaringan. Kesimpulan, ikan nila yang diinfeksi bakteri A. hydrophila menunjukkan adanya perubahan struktur histopatologi, namun fungsi hepar dan ren tidak berpengaruh.

Nile tilapia that was infected with A. hydrophila can showed good morphological condition (healthy). Therefore, physiological observation was needed to detect the healthy state of Nile tilapia. The aim of this research was to study the physiological condition of Nile tilapia that infected with A. hydrophila in term of liver and kidney function. Eighteen fish were divided in to three groups: control group were injected 0,1 mL PBS i.m. and treatment groups (injected with 0,1 mL of dormant A. hydrophila suspention (4x108 cell/mL) and injected with 0,1 mL revirulent A. hydrophila suspention (1,5x108 cells/mL)). Alanine transferase (ALT) levels, creatinine levels, and clinical signs were observed on day 0; 3; and 7. Histopathological observation of liver and kidney were conducted on day 7. Data were statistically analyzed using One-Way ANOVA followed DMRT at 95% confidence level. The results showed that ALT levels were significantly decreased in all treatment groups. Creatinine levels decreased in the control and revirulen group. Alanine transferase and creatinine levels of both treatments group was still in the baseline range of the baseline level. Darkness in skin color and lysis of the pectoral fins began to appear on day 2 (fishes infected with A. hydrophila dormant) and day 1 (fishes injected with A. hydrophila revirulen). Tilapia liver that infected with A. hydrophila were showed degeneration sel, necrosis, and tissue danage. The kidney of Tilapia injected with A. hydrophila showed the same conditions as liver except tissue damage. As conclution, Nile tilapia fish injected with A. hydrophila showed abnormalities of liver and kidney histopathology, but the function were still in normal condition.

Kata Kunci : Aeromonas hydrophila, Ikan Nila (Oreochromis niloticus), ALT (Alanine transferase), Kreatinin, Patologi