DISTRIBUSI DAN KEMELIMPAHAN VEGETASI LANTAI DI HUTAN PEGUNUNGAN KAMOJANG JAWA BARAT

ULFAH SEPTIYANI, Dr. Tjut Sugandawaty Djohan

2014 | Skripsi | BIOLOGI

Penelitian ini tentang distribusi dan kemelimpahan vegetasi lantai di hutan pegunungan Kamojang Jawa Barat di hutan alam dan hutan rusak. Hutan alam: Kawah Manuk, KM, Pasir Kiara, PK, dan Pasir Beling, PB, sedangkan hutan rusak: Cipateungteung, Cp, KMJ 32, Malvinas, Ma, dan Raksamala, Rm. Vegetasi lantai kehadiranya ditentukan oleh cahaya, adanya cahaya dipengaruhi oleh gap kanopi/ gap area. Hutan alam gap kanopi 39- 59 m2, sedangkan hutan rusak 58-92m2. Luas tutupan kanopi hutan alam berkisar 1,7 – 3,8/ 0,16 ha, sedangkan hutan rusak berkisar 2,6 – 8,5/ 0,16 ha. Pada setiap lokasi, data dikoleksi menggunakan kuadrat plot ukuran 20mx20m dengan ulangan 4 kali, untuk densitas yang rapat disubsampling dengan subplot ukuran 0,5m x 0,5m. Parameter yang diukur: densitas, persentase coverage, dan nutrien tanah. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa spesies invasif hadir baik di hutan alam maupun hutan rusak. Spesies invasif yang hadir adalah E. odoratum, L. camara, S. spontaneum, dan Imperata sp. Di hutan rusak kemelimpahan spesies invasif bervariasi berkisar 71 – 14861 indv/0,16 ha, sebaliknya di hutan alam kemelimpahanya lebih rendah daripada hutan rusak 25 – 699 indv/0,16ha Untuk E. odoratum hampir ditemukan di seluruh lokasi kajian, E. odoratum persentase coveragenya 85% dan densitasnya 14403 ind/0,16ha di Cp. Di hutan alam, cacah growthform yang mempunyai spesies paling banyak adalah seedling pohon di PK sebesar 32 sp/0,16 ha. Sebaliknya growthform yang paling sedikit cacah spesiesnya adalah palem dan pandan sebesar 1 sp/0,16 ha. Seedling pohon ditemukan di seluruh lokasi, sedangkan palem dan rotan hanya ditemukan di hutan alam. Hal ini dikarenakan IS antar lokasi juga berbeda berkisar 0,01 – 49,97 %. Di hutan rusak seedling pohonnya ditanam, kemelimpahanya berkisar 1 – 18 sp/0,16 ha. Adanya spesies invasif akan menghambat pertumbuhan seedling pohon karena spesies invasif strategi hidupnya r dan K spesies sedangkan seedling pohon strategi hidupnya K. Di hutan rusak rekoloni oleh seedling pohon sangat kecil karena kalah kompetisi dengan spesies invasif oleh sebab itu keberadaan hutan pegunungan Kamojang terancam.

The purpose of the research was to study distribution and abudance of floor vegetation in natural and disturbed mountain forest. The studied areas of the natural forest were Kawah Manuk (KM), Pasir Kiara (PK), and Pasir Beling (PB); and the the disturbed forest were Cipateungteung (Cp), KMJ 32, Malvinas (Ma), and Raksamala (Rm). The gap canopy in natural forest were between 39- 59 m2, but in disturbed forest were between 58-92m2. At each site, data were collected with quadrat plots of 0,5m x 0,5m with 20 replicated. Parameter measures were density, percentage of coverage, and soil nutrients. The result showed invasive species were presence in natural and disturbed forest. Invasive species were E. odoratum, L. camara, Imperata sp., and S. spontaneum. E. odoratum all presence in natural and disturbed forest. The precentage coverage of E. odoratum was 85% with density was 14403indv/0,16 ha in Cp. The trees seedling presence in all location, but palm and rattan just presence at natural forest. IS all location were difference between 0,01 – 49,97%. The higest number of trees-seedling species at natural forest were PK in consetively between KM 30 and 32 sp/0,16 ha. Invasive species will be disturb growth of trees-seedling because invasive species had life r and K strategy. In contrast, trees-seedling had life K strategy. Recoloni trees-seedling in disturbed forest low because lost competition with invasive species. Existence of Kamojnag mountain forest were in dangered.

Kata Kunci : vegetasi lantai, tutupan kanopi, shade toleance, sun loving, hutan pegunungan