PROFIL HUTAN PEGUNUNGAN KAMOJANG, JAWA BARAT

ISORALLA, Dr. Tjut Sugandawaty Djohan

2014 | Skripsi | BIOLOGI

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mempelajari profil hutan alam dan hutan rusak pegunungan Kamojang pada ketinggian 1300-1600 m dpl, Jawa barat. Profil hutan dibuat dengan metode Oldeman, data dikoleksi dengan kuadrat ukuran 20m x 20m dengan ulangan 4 kali. Hasil menunjukan bahwa hutan alam disusun oleh 5 strata, sebaliknya hutan rusak disusun oleh strata bervariasi antara 3-4 strata tanpa strata pertama. Pohon dominan strata pertama adalah Castanopsis javanica sebanyak 2-11 ind/0,16 ha dan strata kedua adalah Engelhardia spicata sebanyak 5-7 ind/0,16 ha. Di semua lokasi kajian tidak ditemukan adanya pohon emergent dan jenis penyusun strata pertama dan kedua berbeda. Hal ini karena adanya aktivitas selective cutting pohon yang bernilai ekonomi oleh masyarakat luar Kamojang. Growthform yang paling melimpah di hutan alam maupun hutan rusak adalah sapling berkisar antara 15-32 jenis/0,16 ha di hutan alam dan 3-23 jenis/0,16 ha di hutan rusak. Pohon dan sapling yang paling melimpah di hutan alam adalah Villebrunea rubescens berkisar antara 5-51 ind/0,16 ha. Sebaliknya pohon di hutan rusak yang melimpah adalah Altingia excelsa 20 ind/0,16 ha dan sapling Erythtroxylum cuneatum berkisar antara 1-19 ind/0,16 ha. Seedling pohon yang hadir di hutan alam bervariasi, yang paling melimpah adalah Morinda tomentosa sebanyak 1-26 ind/0,16 ha. Seedling pohon di hutan rusak yang paling tinggi adalah Dysoxylum parasiticum, Hypobathrum racemosum, Laportea sp., dan Macaranga rhizinoides masing-masing sebanyak 3 individu/0,16 ha yang tumbuh di hutan rehabilitasi Raksamala secara alami. Luas tutupan kanopi di hutan alam 0,17-0,32 ha/0,16 ha. Sebaliknya di hutan rusak hanya 0,02-0,08 ha/0,16 ha. Kandungan nutrien tanah meliputi NO3, NH4, PO4, K+, C organik, dan bahan organik disemua lokasi baik hutan alam maupun hutan rusak tinggi, kandungan nitrat berkisar antara 10-60 ppm. Hutan alam memiliki kanopi interlock dan belapis-lapis yang baik untuk konservatori air. Baik di hutan alam dan hutan rusak ditemukan spesies invasif Eupatorium odoratum. Hutan rehabilitasi Raksamala telah dikoloni spesies asli Kamojang. Faktor yang menjadi pembatas adalah cahaya dan aktivitas manusia.

This purpose of the research was to study natural and disturbed mountain forest profile of Kamojang at 1300-1600 m dpl, West Java. Forest profile was made by Oldeman method, data were collected by quadrat plots size 20m x 20m with 4 times replicated. The result showed natural forest composed by 5 strata, disturbed forest composed by 3-4 strata without first strata. The most abundance trees in first strata were Castanopsis javanica between 2-11 ind/0,16 ha and in second strata were Engelhardia spicata between 5-7 ind/0,16 ha. All these locations study were not found any emergent trees and composed by different vegetation. That was because of selective cutting activity to vegetation that had economic value by outside Kamojang society. The most abundance growthform in natural and disturbed forest were sapling between 15-32 species/0,16 ha in natural forest and 3-23 species/0,16 ha in disturbed forest. The most abundance trees and sapling in natural forest were Villebrunea rubescens between 5-51 ind/0,16 ha. In contrast, most abundance trees in disturbed forest were Altingia excelsa 20 ind/0,16 ha and sapling were Erythtroxylum cuneatum between 1-19 ind/0,16 ha. There were variation presence of trees-seedling in natural forest, the most abundance were Morinda tomentosa between 1-26 ind/0,16 ha. The most abundance trees-seedling in disturbed forest were Dysoxylum parasiticum, Hypobathrum racemosum, Laportea sp., dan Macaranga rhizinoides between 3 ind/0,16 ha in Raksamala rehabilitated forest which growth naturally. Cover of canopy in natural forest were 0,17-0,32 ha/0,16 ha. In contrast, there were 0,02-0,08 ha/0,16 ha in disturbed forest. Nutrients content of soil such as NO3, NH4, PO4, K+, C, and BO in all locations both natural forest and disturbed forest werehigh. Content of nitrate around 10-60 ppm. Natural forest had interlock canopy and quilted layers which good for water conservatories. Both natural and disturbed forest were found invasive species Eupatorium odoratum. Raksamala rehabilitated forest were colonied by Kamojang native species. The limiting factor were the light and human activity.

Kata Kunci : stratifikasi hutan tropis, hutan pegunungan tropis, jasa pohon di ekosistem