KARAKTERISTIK GENETIK BANGSA-BANGSA KAMBING DI PROVINSI LAMPUNG

IR. SULASTRI, MP., Prof. Dr. Ir. Sumadi, M.S

2014 | Disertasi | S3 Ilmu Peternakan

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui; (1) potensi populasi kambing di Provinsi Lampung berdasarkan parameter Natural increase (NI), Net replacement rate (NRR), dan output, yang dilakukan pada Tahap I, (2) parameter genetik kinerja pertumbuhan kambing Peranakan Etawah (PE), Boerawa grade 1 (BG1), Boerawa grade 2 (BG 2), Rambon dan Kacang (Tahap II), (c) polimorfisme gen hormon pertumbuhan (Tahap III). Penelitian dilakukan mulai 10 Januari 2011 sampai dengan 30 Desember 2012 di Provinsi Lampung. Pada penelitian Tahap I, materi penelitian adalah populasi kambing di 30 kecamatan di 10 kabupaten, digunakan metode survei. Pada Tahap II, materi penelitian berupa recording silsilah dan kinerja pertumbuhan kambing di kelompok tani ternak, digunakan metode pengamatan data sekunder. Pada Tahap III, materi penelitian berupa catatan pertumbuhan prasapih dan sampel darah 34 cempe BG1, metode penelitian berupa pengamatan langsung di lapangan dan pengamatan laboratorium dengan metode polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) di Laboratorium Biokimia FKH, UGM. Hasil penelitian Tahap I. NI 48,52%, NRR jantan 2031,96% dan betina 317,46%, output 48,53% (107.814 ekor). Hasil penelitian Tahap II menunjukkan bahwa heritabilitas, ripitabilitas, dan korelasi genetik berkisar antara sedang sampai tinggi, terendah pada parameter genetik kinerja pertumbuhan saat lahir dan tertinggi pada umur setahun. Hasil pada Tahap III, dengan menggunakan SNP A781G diketahui pada gen hormon pertumbuhan terdapat genotip AA dan AB, rata-rata kinerja pertumbuhan cempe BG1 yang memiliki genotip AB lebih tinggi daripada AA. Kesimpulannya, Provinsi Lampung merupakan sumber bibit dan produsen kambing, peningkatan kinerja pertumbuhan bangsa-bangsa kambing di Provinsi Lampung efektif untuk ditingkatkan melalui seleksi pada berat badan dan ukuran-ukuran tubuh saat sapih dan umur setahun, gen hormon pertumbuhan pada exon 2 sampai 3 bersifat polimorfik dan terdapat keterkaitan antara polimorfisme gen hormon pertumbuhan dengan kinerja pertumbuhan prasapih cempe BG1.

The objectives of this research were studying; (1) potency of goat population at Lampung province based on Natural increase (NI), Net replacement rate (NRR), and output conducted at Phase I, (2) genetic parameter for growth traits of Peranakan Etawah (PE), Boerawa grade 1 (BG1), Boerawa grade 2 (BG 2), Rambon, and Kacang goat (Phase II), (c) polymorphism of growth hormone gene (Phase III). Research was conducted in January 10th, 2011 up to December 30th, 2012 at Lampung Province. Materials research of Phase I were goat population of 30 subdistricts of 10 regencies and survey methods were used in this phase. Materials of Phase II were the recording of family and growth traits of goat, survey methods were used in this phase. Material of Phase III were the recording of preweaning growth and blood sample of 34 BG1 kids, observation method and Polymerase Chain Reaction-Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) method was used in this phase which conducted at Biochemist Laboratory, Faculty of Animal Medicine, Gadjah Mada University. Results of Phase I were 48,52% for NI value, 2031,96% for NRR value of male goat population and 317,46% of female goat, 48,53% (107,814 goats) for output value. Result of Phase II: heritability, repeatability, and genetic correlation estimate for growth traits were medium up to high. Genetic parameter for birth traits were lowest and for yearling traits were highest. Result of Phase III, 22 heads of female Boerawa G1 were identified as AB heterozygous and 12 heads as AA homozygous. Preweaning growth of AB genotype was higher than that of AA genotype. Its conclusion, Lampung Province was source of goat breeding stock and producer of goat, mass selection for weaning weight, body measurements at weaning, yearling weight, and body measurements at yearling were effective to improve growth traits, and the polymorphism of growth hormone gene associated with preweaning growth of BG1 goat

Kata Kunci : Peranakan Etawah, Boerawa, Rambon, Kacang, Natural increase, Parameter genetik, PCR-RFLP