EFFECTS OF TEMPERATURE AND RELATIVE HUMIDITY ON ACUTE MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION AND CONGESTIVE HEART FAILURE ADMISSIONS IN CIPTO MANGUNKUSUMO HOSPITAL, JAKARTA 2003-2012
Fiona Amelia, Prof. dr. Hari Kusnanto, DrPH.
2014 | Tesis | S2 Ilmu Kesehatan Masyarakat-
Acute myocardial infarction (AMI) and congestive heart failure (CHF) have been the most leading cause for hospital admissions and death from heart diseases. Evidence is increasing on the effects of temperature and relative humidity on the incidence of cardiovascular diseases. High temperature in urban cities worldwide have been consistently related to cardiovascular mortality and morbidity. However, very few studies conducted in developing countries with tropical climate and no weather extremes. Objective: This study is the first to report the relationship of temperature and relative humidity on AMI and CHF admissions in Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital, Jakarta in the period of January 2003 to December 2012. Methods: Monthly data on AMI and CHF hospitalizations, as well as mean monthly temperature and relative humidity in Jakarta were collected for January 2003 to December 2012. Time-series regression analysis was applied using Poisson generalized linear models to model the relationships between weather variables and hospital admissions after controlling for long-term trends and seasonal effects. Lag effects up to one month were examined. Results: During the study period, 644 and 3,543 subjects were admitted for AMI and CHF, respectively. Males predominated AMI admissions while the proportions were almost similar for CHF admissions. Most of AMI and CHF patients came from age group 45-64 years old. There was no obvious seasonal patterns in both admissions but significant positive associations between temperature and AMI as well as CHF admissions were found. A 10C increase in mean monthly temperature was associated with a statistically significant 23.2% (95%CI: 5.4%-43.9%) increase in AMI admissions. The effects of temperature on CHF admissions was delayed as a 6% (95%CI: 0.1%-11.7%) increase CHF was associated with a 10C increase in mean monthly temperature on the previous month. Relative humidity showed delayed effect on AMI admissions as 1% increase in relative humidity on the previous month was associated with a 3% (95%CI: 0.1%-5.5%) increase in AMI admissions. There was no evidence for relative humidity effect on CHF admissions. Conclusion: Monthly AMI and CHF admissions were positively associated with temperature. This effect of temperature appeared to be immediate and are compatible with previous studies. In the contrary, the effect of relative humidity found to be inconsistent as it showed significant delayed effect on AMI admissions and no effect on CHF admissions
Kata Kunci : climate, temperature, humidity, acute myocardial infarction, heart failure, hospital admissions.
