STUDI MORFOLOGI TRAKTUS DIGESTIVUS DAN PERILAKU MAKAN LUMBA-LUMBA HIDUNG BOTOL INDO-PASIFIK (Tursiops aduncus) ASAL PERAIRAN UTARA LAUT JAWA

MARLA ANGGITA, Dr. drh. Hery Wijayanto, MP.

2014 | Skripsi | KEDOKTERAN HEWAN

Lumba-lumba hidung botol Indo-Pasifik (Tursiops aduncus) merupakan salah satu spesies mamalia air yang hidup di perairan Indonesia dan merupakan spesies dengan status data deficient berdasarkan IUCN. Kurangnya pengetahuan mengenai lumba-lumba hidung botol Indo-Pasifik dapat terlihat dari kurangnya penelitian tentang Lumba-lumba hidung botol Indo-Pasifik terutama yang berasal dari perairan di Indonesia. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui data morfologi traktus digestivus dan perilaku makan dari lumba-lumba hidung botol Indo-Pasifik yang berasal dari utara Laut Jawa. Satu kadaver lumba-lumba hidung botol Indo-Pasifik liar yang mati setelah dirawat di PT. Wersut Seguni Indonesia, Kendal, akibat tersangkut jaring nelayan kemudian diobservasi. Nekropsi dilakukan di fasilitas milik PT. Wersut Seguni Indonesia, sedangkan pengukuran organ dilakukan di laboratorium Makroanatomi FKH UGM menggunakan alat bantu berupa jangka sorong dan pita ukur. Pengamatan tingkah laku makan dilakukan di fasilitas milik PT. WSI, Kendal, selama 3 hari. Hasil pengukuran organ digesti dan pengamatan tingkah laku kemudian dianalisis secara deskriptif. Berdasarkan hasil data, diperoleh panjang keseluruhan traktus digestivus Lumba-lumba hidung botol Indo-Pasifik yaitu 2.013 cm atau 10 kali panjang tubuh. Ventriculus Lumba-lumba hidung botol Indo-Pasifik terdiri dari empat kompartemen yaitu forestomach, mainstomach, connecting chamber dan pyloric stomach. Lumba-lumba hidung botol Indo-Pasifik hasil penangkaran yang sering berinteraksi dengan manusia dapat diberi makan langsung melalui tangan, sedangkan yang jarang berinteraksi dengan manusia, pakan diberikan dengan cara melempar pakan langsung ke dalam kolam. Penelitian lanjutan mengenai histologi dari sistem digesti Lumba-lumba hidung botol Indo-Pasifik sangat diperlukan untuk mengetahui batas-batas kompartemen dan fisiologis sistem digestinya.

Indo-Pacific bottlenose dolphin (Tursiops aduncus) is one of the marine mammal which distributed in the sea of Indonesian and categorized as data deficient based on IUCN. Insufficient information of Indo-Pacific bottlenose dolphin is known due to less research is carried out in Indo-Pacific bottlenose dolphin, especially along the Indonesian ocean. The aim of the research is to know the morphological data about the digestive tract and feeding behaviour of Indo-Pacific bottlenose dolphin from north Java Sea. A cadaver of wild Indo-Pacific bottlenose dolphin that die from fishing nets caught after being treated in PT. Wersut Seguni Indonesia, Kendal, was observed. Necropsy was carried out in the facility of PT. Wersut Seguni Indonesia, while measurement was done in Macroanatomy Laboratory FKH UGM using vernier caliper and measuring tape. Feeding behaviour is observed in PT. WSI , Kendal for 3 days. The measurements of digestive organs and its behaviors were then analysed descriptively. The result show that the total length of digestive tract of Indo-Pacific bottlenose dolphin is 2.013 cm or almost 10 times from it’s body length.Ventriculus of Indo-Pacific bottlenose dolphin is made up of four compartments which are the forestomach, true stomach, connective stomach and pyloric stomach. The largest compartment is the forestomach, followed by true stomach, pyloric stomach and the smallest compartment, the connective stomach. Captived Bottlenose dolphin that often interacts with humans, are habituated to feed manually using hand, while for dolphin who less interact with human, they only eat the fish which are thrown directly into the pond. Further study about the histology samples of digestive system of Indo-Pacific bottlenose dolphin is greatly needed to know the border between each compartment and the physiology of the digestive system.

Kata Kunci : Lumba-lumba hidung botol Indo-Pasifik, Tursiops aduncus, traktus digestivus, perilaku makan