ANALISIS PENGARUH PENYERAPAN BUNYI, JARAK ANTAR STASIUN KERJA, DAN PARTISI TERHADAP KONDISI AKUSTIK RUANG

NUR WACHID AL R, Sentagi Sesotya Utami, S.T., M.Sc.,Ph.D

2014 | Skripsi | FISIKA TEKNIK

Desain ruang perkantoran tapak terbuka memiliki partisi yang tidak tinggi. Sifat partisi di perkantoran jenis ini seringkali menimbulkan kejelasan wicara (speech intelligibility) yang berlebihan. Kejelasan wicara yang berlebihan dapat menimbulkan gangguan konsentrasi kerja (distraction) terhadap pendengar di luar pelaku percakapan dan mengurangi sifat privasi wicara (speech privacy). Faktor-faktor yang berpengaruh terhadap kondisi akustik ruang merujuk pada ISO 3382-3:2012. Faktor-faktor yang digunakan dalam analisis data adalah penyerapan bunyi, jarak antar stasiun kerja, dan partisi. Kondisi akustik ruang yang diamati adalah tingkat kejelasan wicara, privasi wicara, gangguan konsentrasi kerja, dan sifat difus medan bunyi. Tingkat kejelasan wicara diindikasi oleh parameter T30, C50, dan RASTI. Tingkat privasi wicara diindikasi oleh parameter jarak privasi (rP). Gangguan konsentrasi kerja diindikasi oleh parameter jarak gangguan (rD). Sifat difus medan bunyi diindikasi oleh parameter koherensi. Dari perbedaan nilai antar skenario disimpulkan bahwa penyerapan bunyi, jarak antar stasiun kerja, dan partisi terbukti berpengaruh terhadap tingkat kejelasan wicara, privasi wicara, dan gangguan konsentrasi kerja. Perbedaan penurunan C50, yaitu sebesar 76,9%, 24,9%, 77,4%, dan 36,2%, masing-masing untuk skenario 1, 2, 3, dan 4. Penurunan RASTI, yaitu sebesar 18,7%, 0,7%, 14,8%, dan 12,9%. Perbedaan persentase privasi wicara, yaitu sebesar 6%, 0%, 11%, dan 3%. Perbedaan persentase gangguan konsentrasi kerja, yaitu sebesar 79%, 100%, 70%, dan 80%. Akan tetapi, penyerapan bunyi, jarak antar stasiun kerja, dan partisi tidak terbukti berpengaruh terhadap sifat difus medan bunyi. Hal ini dilihat dari nilai koherensi yang relatif sama dan standar deviasi antar nilai koherensi yang kecil, yaitu sebesar 0,045.

Room design of open-plan office has low partitions. The characteristics of partitions in this office type often cause excessive speech intelligibility. Excessive speech intelligibility can cause disturbance to concentration at work (distraction) to listeners outside of the people who talk and reduce speech privacy. Factors influencing room acoustic condition refers to ISO 3382-3:2012. Factors used in data analysis were sound absorption, distance between workstations, and partition. Observed room acoustic conditions were speech intelligibility, speech privacy, distraction to concentration at work, and diffusiveness of sound field. The level of speech intelligibility was indicated by parameters T30, C50, and RASTI. The level of speech privacy was indicated by parameter of privacy distance (rP). Distraction to concentration at work was indicated by parameter distraction distance (rD). Diffusiveness of sound field was indicated by parameter coherence. From value differences between scenarios, it was concluded that sound absorption, distance between workstations, and partitions influenced the level of speech intelligibility, speech privacy, and distraction to concentration at work. Differences of C50 decline, by 76.9%, 24.9%, 77.4%, and 36.2%, each for scenario 1, 2, 3, and 4. RASTI decline, by 18.7%, 0.7%, 14.8%, and 12.9%. Difference in percentage of speech privacy, by 6%, 0%, 11%, and 3%. Difference in percentage of distraction to concentration at work, by 79%, 100%, 70%, and 80%. However, sound absorption, distance between workstations, and partition were not proven to influence diffusiveness and sound characteristics. This was shown in coherence scores which were relatively similar and small standard deviation between coherence values, which is 0.045.

Kata Kunci : ISO 3382-3:2012, kejelasan wicara, privasi wicara, gangguan konsentrasi kerja, sifat difus medan bunyi