DEGRADASI LIMBAH PERTANIAN (KACANG PANJANG, CABAI, JAHE, KUNYIT, DAN LENGKUAS) DENGAN ENZIM SELULASE

KHARISMA JELITA, Dr. Ria Millati, ST. MT.

2014 | Skripsi | TEKNOLOGI PANGAN & HASIL PERTANIAN

Limbah pertanian tanaman kacang panjang, cabai, jahe, kunyit dan lengkuas merupakan hasil proses produksi yang selama ini tidak banyak dimanfaatkan, sehingga dalam waktu yang relatif panjang akumulasi keberadaan limbah tersebut mendatangkan masalah lingkungan. Limbah tersebut memiliki kandungan selulosa yang cukup tinggi yang dapat didegradasi menjadi glukosa yang dapat dipakai sebagai sumber produksi etanol.Pada penelitian ini, kandungan selulosa limbah pertanian tanaman kacang panjang, cabai, jahe, kunyit dan lengkuas dianalisis dengan menggunakan metode Chesson Datta, kemudian dilakukan hidrolisis enzimatis dengan enzim selulase (Celluclast 1.5 L). Setelah dilakukan inkubasi selama 72 jam pada proses hidrolisis enzimatis, dilakukan pengujian kadar glukosa dengan metode DNS. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa nilai selulosa dari limbah pertanian tanaman kacang panjang, cabai, jahe, kunyit dan lengkuas berkisar antara 21,23% – 29,8%. Kadar glukosa maksimal berada pada kisaran 0,75 mg/ml – 2,21 mg/ml. Nilai selulosa dan kadar glukosa tertinggi diperoleh dari limbah pertanian kacang panjang. Kisaran jumlah etanol hasil konversi glukosa dari sampel 19,3 g etanol/kg berat kering sampel – 100,8 g etanol/kg berat kering sampel. Kata kunci : Limbah Pertanian, selulosa, hidrolisis enzimatis, glukosa, dan etanol.

Increasing concern about pollution that occurs from post-harvest biomass agricultural losses, which it’saccumulation may lead to severe environment problems, has stimulated the interest in converting waste material into more valuable products. Those waste are some of lignocellulosic biomass that are composed of cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin. High cellulose content can be utilized to produce simple sugar such as glucose that can be used for ethanol production. In this research, cellulose content of leaf and stem of yardlong bean and chili, and also stalk of ginger, turmerric, and galangal as post-harvest waste determined using Chesson Datta method, thenthey were hydrolized using commercial cellulase (Celluclast 1.5). After 72 hours incubation for enzymatic hydrolisis, glucose content was measured using DNS method. Results showed that cellulose content from post-harvest waste of yardlong bean, chili, ginger, turmerric, and galangal ranged between 21.23% - 29.8% and maximum glucose content ranged between 0.75 – 2.21 mg/ml. The highest content of cellulose and maximum glucose content were obtained from yardlong bean waste. Ethanol produced from glucose hydrolisis product ranged between 19.3 – 100,8 g ethanol/kg dry sample. Keywords: Agriculture post-harvest waste, cellulose, enzymatic hydrolisis, glucose, and ethanol

Kata Kunci : Limbah Pertanian, selulosa, hidrolisis enzimatis, glukosa, dan etanol.