INDUKSI KETAHANAN KEKERINGAN DELAPAN HIBRIDA KELAPA SAWIT (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) DENGAN BORON

FITRIYANA SHOLIHATUN, Eka Tarwaca Susila Putra S.P, M.P., Ph.D.

2014 | Skripsi | AGRONOMI

Penelitian bertujuan untuk 1) menentukan respon dan tingkat ketahanan delapan hibrida kelapa sawit terhadap cekaman kekeringan dan 2) menentukan dosis boron (B) yang optimal untuk menginduksi ketahanan hibrida kelapa sawit terhadap cekaman kekeringan. Percobaan disusun dalam rancangan acak kelompok lengkap (RAKL) faktorial dengan tiga blok sebagai ulangan. Faktor pertama adalah hibrida kelapa sawit, yang terdiri dari: Yangambi, Avros, Langkat, PPKS 239, Simalungun, PPKS 540, PPKS 718 dan Dumpy. Faktor kedua adalah dosis boric acid yang terdiri dari 5 aras yaitu: 0; 0,25; 0,5; 0,75; dan 1 g/bibit. Pengamatan dilakukan terhadap beberapa variabel mikroklimat di lokasi penelitian, aktivitas fisiologis serta pertumbuhan bibit kelapa sawit. Data yang telah diperoleh selanjutnya dianalisis varian (ANOVA) pada taraf 5 %, dan dilanjutkan dengan uji jarak berganda Duncan (DMRT). Dosis optimal B yang mampu meningkatkan ketahanan bibit kelapa sawit terhadap cekaman kekeringan ditentukan menggunakan analisis regresi. Hasil penelitian memberikan informasi bahwa aplikasi boron pada bibit kelapa sawit mampu menginduksi ketahanan terhadap cekaman kekeringan melalui mekanisme pengerasan akar (aspek morfologi), mempertahankan bukaan stomata (aspek fisiologi) dan kandungan klorofil daun (aspek biokimia). Dosis optimum boric acid untuk menginduksi ketahanan hibrida kelapa sawit terhadap cekaman kekeringan berkisar antara 0,5–0,75 g/bibit, pada kandungan awal B dalam media tanam sebesar 78,53 ppm. Hibrida PPKS 239, Simalungun dan Dumpy mampu menghadapi cekaman kekeringan lebih baik daripada Avros, PPKS 718, PPKS 540, Yangambi dan Langkat.

The objectives of research were 1) to determine the response and survival rates of eight oil palm hybrids to drought stress and 2) to determine the optimal dose of boron (B) that able to induce the resistance of oil palm hybrid to drought stress. The experiment was arranged in Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) factorial, with three blocks as replications. The first factors were the hybrids of oil palm, namely Yangambi, Avros, Langkat, PPKS 239, Simalungun, PPKS 540, PPKS 718 and Dumpy. The second factors were the boric acid applications, namely 0; 0.25; 0.5; 0.75; and 1 g/seedling. Observed variables in the study were environmental conditions, the concentration of B in the leaf tissue, physiological activities and growth of oil palm seedlings. Data were analyzed using Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) at 5 % levels, and continued with Duncan's Multiple Range Test (DMRT) if there were significant differences among the treatments. The optimal dose of B that able to increase the resistance of oil palm seedlings to drought stress were determined using regression analysis. The results provide information that the applications of B in oil palm seedlings could induce the resistance to drought stress through root hardening mechanisms (morphological aspects), maintaining stomatal opening (physiological aspects) and leaf chlorophyll content (biochemical aspects). The optimal dose of boric acid that able to induce the resistance of oil palm hybrids to drought stress was at range 0.5-0.75 g/seedling, at the initial of B content in the growing medium was 78.53 ppm. The hybrids of PPKS 239, Simalungun and Dumpy were more resistant to drought stress compared to Avros, PPKS 718, PPKS 540, Yangambi and Langkat.

Kata Kunci : kelapa sawit, kekeringan, boron