KUALITAS BENIH TIGA AKSESI KACANG MERAH (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) PADA TIGA UMUR PANEN

SEPTIN KRISTIANI, Ir. Toekidjo, M.P

2014 | Skripsi | PEMULIAAN TANAMAN

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh umur panen terhadap kualitas benih kacang merah dan menentukan masak fisiologis tiga aksesi kacang merah. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di lahan milik petani Dusun Kalangan, Desa Sidogede, Grabag, Kabupaten Magelang, Jawa Tengah dan Laboratorium Teknologi Benih, Jurusan Budidaya Pertanian, Fakultas Pertanian, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta pada bulan Agustus sampai Desember 2013. Penelitian dilakukan dengan percobaan 3x3 faktorial yang disusun dalam rancangan acak kelompok lengkap (Randomized Complete Block Design – RCBD) dengan tiga ulangan. Faktor pertama yaitu tiga aksesi kacang merah (Aksesi Temanggung, Aksesi Magelang, Aksesi Sleman), sedangkan faktor kedua adalah umur panen yaitu 30, 35, dan 40 hari setelah 60% tanaman di petak percobaan berbunga (hsb). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa tiga aksesi memberi respon yang sama terhadap parameter pertumbuhan, komponen hasil, dan kualitas benih. Masak fisiologis tiga aksesi dicapai pada 30 hari setelah berbunga. Penundaan waktu panen hingga 5 hari (35 hsb), bahkan 10 hari (40 hsb) dapat dilakukan tanpa mempengaruhi kualitas benih (gaya berkecambah > 90%).

The aims of this research were for knowing the effect of harvest period on red kidney bean seed quality and determine physiological maturity of three kidney bean accessions. The research has conducted in a farmer’s field in Kalangan Orchard, Sidogede Village, Grabag, Magelang Regency, Central Java and Seed Technology Laboratory, Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta from August until December 2013. This research used 3x3 factorial and arranged in The Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with three replications. The first factor were three red kidney bean accessions (Temanggung Accession, Magelang Accession, Sleman Accessions), meanwhile the second factor were three harvest periods which is 30, 35, and 40 days after flowering (daf) of 60% plant in portion of field specimen. The results of research showed that three accessions gave the same response on growth parameter, yield component, and seed quality. Physiological maturity of three accessions reached at 30 days after flowering. Delaying of harvest period up to 5 days (35 daf), even 10 days (40 daf) did not effected on seed quality (germination rate > 90%).

Kata Kunci : Phaseolus vulgaris L., kacang merah, kualitas benih, umur panen, masak fisiologis