ANALISIS EKONOMI PEMBANGUNAN RUANG TERBUKA HIJAU (RTH) DI DAERAH KHUSUS IBUKOTA JAKARTA

IBRAHIM GULAGNAR HANIFA, Agus Alfianto, S.Hut.,M.Si

2014 | Skripsi | MANAJEMEN HUTAN

Pembangunan RTH Taman Kota di Daerah Khusus Ibukota (DKI) Jakarta memiliki peran dalam pengurangan polusi udara, namun belum ada penelitian terkait penghitungan nilai ekonomi RTH, khususnya taman kota dalam mengurangi polusi udara. Oleh karena itu, evaluasi efisiensi nilai ekonomi RTH dalam pencegahan dampak polusi udara perlu dilakukan agar dapat menjadi pendukung terhadap perbaikan kualitas lingkungan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk (1) mengestimasi dampak polusi udara tercegah karena pembangunan RTH (2) menaksir nilai ekonomi pencegahan dampak polusi karena pembangunan RTH (3) mengevaluasi kelayakan proyek pembangunan RTH. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode dose response dalam menganalisis hubungan antara pengurangan polusi udara, perubahan jumlah kasus kesehatan dan pembangunan RTH. Metode biaya manfaat digunakan dalam evaluasi efisiensi nilai ekonomi RTH dengan pendekatan biaya pengobatan (Cost of Illness) dan pendapatan yang hilang (Benefit foregone/Change of Productivity). Kriteria kelayakan proyek yang dipakai: Economic Net Present Value (ENPV), Economic Benefit Cost Ratio (EBCR),Economic Internal Rate of Return (EIRR). Berdasarkan hasil penelitian, Proyek pembangunan RTH Taman Kota dapat mencegah dampak polusi udara yakni kasus kesehatan gangguan pernapasan non spesifik Infeksi Saluran Pernapasan Atas (ISPA) sebanyak 894 kasus; Tubercolosis (TB) sebanyak 30 kasus, dan 5387 kasus serangan asma (Asthma Attack). Nilai ekonomi pencegahan dampak polusi udara pada tahun 2010 hingga 2012 sebesar Rp 41.315.984.384,51. Hasil perhitungan kriteria efisiensi proyek, ENPV2.434.254.606,44;EBCR 1.07, EIRR 13%. Dari hasil penelitian tersebut, bahwa proyek pembangunan RTH layak secara ekonomi dalam mengurangi dampak polusi udara.

Green spaces project in Jakarta have a crucial role in preventing the air pollution impact. However, there hasn’t been studies related to green spaces economic value in reducing air pollution level, especially city parks, are being made so far. Therefore, evaluating the economic value of the green spaces efficiency in preventing air pollution impacts are necessary in order to supporting the improvement of environmental quality. The research was aimed to (1) estimate the avoided air pollution impacts in consideration of green spaces project (2) estimate the economic value of avoidance air pollution impacts (3) evaluate green spaces project feasibility. The research has used dose response method to analyze the relationship between changes in health cases, reduced air pollution and green spaces project. Benefit cost analysis method used for the project feasibility. Project feasibility criteria used in this research are: Economic Net Present Value (ENPV), Economic Benefit Cost Ratio (EBCR), Economic Internal Rate of Return (EIRR). For the benefit value of the project, this research used social returns approach which are Cost of Illness (COI) and Change of Productivity for the reduced air pollution economic value According to research results, green spaces project able to prevent the impact of air pollution that is health cases of non-specified respiratory disorders: Upper respiratory infection 894 cases; Tubercolosis 30 cases; and Asthma attack 5387 cases. The economic value of air pollution avoidance at Jakarta from 2010 until 2012 is Rp 41.315.984.384,51. The project efficiency results are: ENPV 2.434.254.606,44; EBCR 1.07, EIRR 13%. According on the results, the green spaces project is feasible based on the green spaces ecological function to reduce the impact of air pollution

Kata Kunci : Proyek pembangunan RTH, Polusi Udara, Dose Response, Analisis Ekonomi