PENGARUH SUHU KEMPA DAN KONSENTRASI PEREKAT SERBUK CANGKANG KEPITING TERHADAP SIFAT FISIKA DAN MEKANIKA PAPAN PARTIKEL LIMBAH SERBUK GERGAJI KAYU MAHONI

MUHAMMAD MUSA, Agus N gadianto, S.Hut., M.Sc.

2014 | Tugas Akhir | D3 KEHUTANAN

Kebutuhan manusia akan kayu semakin meningkat, namun jumlah pasokan kayu justru berkurang dan diperburuk dengan produksi limbah pengolahan kayu dalam jumlah besar. Pengolahan dan pemanfaatan limbah kayu diharapkan mampu mengatasi permasalah tersebut seperti pembuatan produk papan tiruan, yaitu papan partikel. Umumnya papan partikel banyak menggunakan perekat sintetis yang justru kurang ramah lingkungan dan tidak terbaharukan, sehingga perlu mencari alternatif lain untuk mengatasinya, yaitu dengan perekat berbasis kitosan yang berasal dari limbah cangkang kepiting. Bahan utama penelitian ini adalah limbah serbuk gergaji kayu mahoni dan perekat alami serbuk cangkang kepiting. Faktor yang dig unakan adalah konsentrasi perekat konsentrasi 10%, 20%, dan 30% serta suhu peng empaan 160oC dan 180oC. Pembuatan papan partikel ini mengacu pada proses standar pembuatan papan partikel. Pengujian produk meliputi sifat fisika (kadar air, kerapatan, pengembangan tebal, dan penyerapan air) dan sifat mekanika (keteguhan rekat internal, modulus patah, dan modulus elastisitas) berdasarkan standar Japanese Industrial Standard untuk papan partikel (JIS A 5908 Tipe-8). Sifat papan partikel limbah serbuk gergaji kayu mahoni terbaik diperoleh dari perlakuan konsentrasi perekat 20% dan suhu pengempaan 160 oC, dimana hanya nilai kadar air dan kerapatan yang memenuhi standar JIS A 5908 Tipe -8, dengan nilai kadar air 8,282%, kerapatan 0,711 g/cm 3, pengembangan tebal 94,692%, penyerapan air 192,065%, keteguhan rekat internal 0,760 kg/cm 2, modulus elastisitas 4845,164 kgf/cm 2, dan modulus patah 18,710 kgf/cm 2.

The human need for wood is increasing, but the amount of wood supply is decreasing and it is exacerbated by the production of wood-processing waste in large quantities. The processing and the utilization of wood waste are expected to be able to solve these issues, such as the creation of artificial board products, i.e. particle boards. Generally, particle boards use synthetic adhesives that are less environmentally friendly and renewable, thus it, is necessary to find other alternatives to solve this problem , which are the chitosan-based adhesives that are derived from crab shell wastes. The main ingredient of this research is mahogany saw dust waste s and the natureal adhesive of crabs shell powders. The factors used are the adhesive concentration of 10%, 20%, and 30% and the compression temperature of 160oC and 180oC. This particleboard manufacturing refers to the process of particleboard manufacturing standards. The testing products include physical properties (moisture content, density, thickness development, and water absorption) and mechanical properties (internal bonding strength, modulus of fracture, and modulus of elasticity) based on the Japanese Industrial S tandard for particleboards (JIS A 5908 Type-8). The best properties of the mahogany w ood saw dust waste particleboards were obtained from the treatment of 20% adhesive concentration and the compression temperature of 160oC, where only the values of the moisture content and the density meet the standards of JIS A 5908 Type-8, w ith a value of water content of 8,282%, density of 0,711 g/cm3, the thickness swelling of 94,692%, water absorption of 192,065%, internal bonding strength of 0,760 kg/cm2, modulus of elasticity of 4845,164 kgf/cm2, and modulus of rufture of 18,710 kgf/cm2.

Kata Kunci : Lim bah serbuk gergaji kayu mahoni, Limbah cangkang kepiting, Papan partikel, Sifat fisika, Sifat mekanika