PENGARUH PERTAMBAHAN BERAT BADAN IBU SELAMA KEHAMILAN TERHADAP BERAT BADAN LAHIR BAYI, PANJANG BADAN BAYI, DAN LINGKAR KEPALA BAYI

RIZKA DINARI, dr. Detty Siti Nurdiati, MPH., PhD., Sp.OG(K).

2014 | Skripsi | GIZI KESEHATAN

Latar belakang: Pertambahan berat badan ibu selama kehamilan yang adekuat mungkin dapat dijadikan upaya pencegahan outcome antropometri neonatal yang tidak diinginkan. Sehingga, perlu diteliti pengaruh pertambahan berat badan ibu selama kehamilan terhadap BBL, PB, dan LK. Tujuan: Mengetahui apakah pertambahan berat badan total dan rata-rata pertambahan berat badan per minggu ibu selama kehamilan berpengaruh terhadap BBL, PB bayi, dan LK bayi. Metode: Penelitian kohort retrospektif ini menyertakan 163 ibu dengan kehamilan tunggal dan melahirkan di RSKIA Sadewa, Yogyakarta pada tahun 2012. Pertambahan berat badan total dan rata-rata pertambahan berat badan per minggu ibu diklasifikasikan berdasarkan IOM 2009. Masing-masing dilihat hubungannya dengan BBL, PB, dan LK. Digunakan uji chi-square untuk menguji hipotesis. Hasil: Pertambahan berat badan total ibu selama kehamilan terdistribusi 42,9% cukup, 31,5% kurang, dan 25,6% lebih. Sedangkan, rata-rata pertambahan berat badan per minggu ibu selama kehamilan terdistribusi 34,5% cukup, 16,7% kurang, dan 25,6% lebih. Karakteristik bayi menurut BBL terdistribusi 1,8% BBLR, 97,6% BBLC, dan 0,6% BBLL. Distribusi PB adalah 61,9% rendah, 32,1% cukup, dan 6,0% lebih. Distribusi LK adalah 41,7% rendah, 48,8% cukup, dan 9,5% lebih. Analisis bivariat menunjukkan, baik pertambahan berat badan total ataupun rata-rata pertambahan berat badan per minggu ibu selama kehamilan tidak berhubungan dengan BBL (p>0,05), PB bayi (p>0,05), dan LK bayi (p>0,05). Kesimpulan: Pertambahan berat badan total dan rata-rata pertambahan berat badan per mingu selama kehamilan tidak berhubungan dengan BBL, PB bayi, dan LK bayi.

Background: Adequate gestational weight gain might be a prevention for unintended neonatal anthropometric outcome. Therefore, relationship between gestational weight gain and neonatal anthropometric outcome should be investigated. Goal: Examining relationship between gestational weight gain and birthweight, birth length, and head circumference at birth. Method: This cohort retrospective study involved 163 singleton pregnancy women delivered at RSKIA Sadewa, Yogyakarta in 2012. Total weight gain and weekly average weight gain were classified according IOM 2009. The relationship between each type of gestational weight gain and birth weight, birth length, and head circumference at birth was analyzed using chi-square test. Result: It was known that 42,9%, 31,5%, 25,6% of subjects were classified as normal, low, and high total weight gain, respectively. Besides, 34,5%, 16,7%, 61,9% of subjects were classified as normal, low, and high rate per week, respectively. Neonatal charactersitics were distributed to 1,8% low, 97,6% normal, and 0,6% high birth weight. In birth length category, 61,9%, 32,1%, 6,0% of neonates were classified as low, normal, and high, respectively. In head circumference at birth category, 41,7%, 48,8%, 9,5% of neonates were respectively classified as low, normal, high. After performing bivariate analysis, it was known that both total weight gain and weekly average weight gain were not associated with birth weight (p>0,05), birth length (p>0,05), and head circumference at birth (p>0,05). Conclusion: There is no association between gestational weight gain and birth weight, birth length, and head circumference at birth.

Kata Kunci : Pertambahan berat badan ibu selama kehamilan, outcome kehamilan, berat badan lahir bayi, panjang badan bayi, lingkar kepala bayi