PERSEPSI DAN PRAKTIK ASI EKSKLUSIF OLEH IBU PEKERJA DI FAKULTAS KEDOKTERAN UNIVERSITAS GADJAH MADA

FAJRI FITRIA, Dra. Retna Siwi Padmawati, MA

2014 | Skripsi | GIZI KESEHATAN

Rendahnya motivasi dan buruknya persepsi ibu pekerja yang menyusui diidentifikasi sebagai salah satu penyebab kegagalan ASI eksklusif. Salah satu strategi yang dirancang pemerintah adalah mendukung praktik menyusui di tempat kerja melalui PP Nomor 33 Tahun 2012. Sebagai institusi kesehatan, studi tentang praktik ASI eksklusif oleh ibu pekerja serta faktor yang melatarbelakanginya di FK UGM belum pernah dilakukan. Tujuan: Mendeskripsikan persepsi ibu pekerja yang menyusui terhadap praktik ASI eksklusif di tempat kerja dan pelaksanaan praktik ASI eksklusif di FK UGM. Metode: Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kualitatif terhadap 17 staf FK UGM yang menyusui dan/atau memiliki bayi berumur ≤2 tahun sebagai informan utama melalui wawancara mendalam. Triangulasi dilakukan dengan wawancara mendalam terhadap enam pimpinan FK UGM dan empat rekan kerja wanita, serta dokumentasi. Hasil Penelitian: ASI eksklusif dinilai penting karena manfaatnya bagi bayi. Sebelas informan utama meneruskan praktik ASI eksklusif di tempat kerja melakukan upaya, seperti memerah ASI di tempat kerja atau menyusui langsung bayinya ketika jam istirahat. Ketiadaan fasilitas menyusui serta tingginya beban kerja dinilai sebagai kesulitan ketika menyusui di tempat kerja. Informan utama tidak mengetahui PP Nomor 33 Tahun 2012 dengan baik. Sedangkan, FK UGM belum merealisasikan komitmennya untuk praktik ASI eksklusif di tempat kerja secara maksimal. Kesimpulan: Melanjutkan praktik ASI eksklusif di tempat kerja merupakan tantangan tersendiri bagi ibu pekerja. Ibu pekerja dinilai belum mengetahui haknya sebagai ibu menyusui. Sehingga, FK UGM diharapkan dapat menyediakan dukungan dan fasilitas khusus menyusui bagi ibu pekerja.

The lack of motivation and misconception among working mothers who give breastfeeding has been identified as one of the reason which makes a failed attempt in the breastfeeding practice. One of the strategy the government has anticipated regarding the support to this campaign is through Government Regulation No 33/2012. As a medical institution, a studies research regarding breastfeeding practice by working mother in the Faculty of Medicine Gadjah Mada University (FM UGM) had never been done before. Goal: To identify the perception from working mother in and to describe the practice of breastfeeding in FM UGM. Method: This research is a qualitative-based research which surveyed 17 staff in FM UGM. The subject are women who is doing breastfeed or having a two years or less child at the moment. Triangulation is done by in-depth interview to six heads staff of FM UGM and four woman staff, also through documentation study. Results: Exclusive breastfeeding is significant in the process of babies growth. The research shows eleven informants still carries on the breastfeeding activity in the workplace. They done many alternatives effort; e.g. by pumping the breast milk in the workplace or giving the breastfeed in rest time of work. The lack of breastfeeding facility and high work-load has been views as an obstacle. The informant also did not know about Government Regulation No 33/2012 well. For the institutional level, FM UGM has not yet manifested its commitment for the breastfeeding activity in the workplace according to the Government Regulation. Conclusion: Having themselves still continue to give breast milk to their babies, the woman staff in FK UGM is having a difficulty in their workplace. FM UGM still considered to not manifested the Government Regulation maximally and did not support the rights of breastfeed of its workers. So many improvement to this rights has to be implemented by FK UGM in the future.

Kata Kunci : persepsi, ASI eksklusif, ibu pekerja, penelitian kualitatif, PP Nomor 33 Tahun 2012