PENGARUH KOMBINASI FRAKSI NON n-HEKSAN EKSTRAK ETANOLIK GALL TUMBUHAN SARANG SEMUT (Myrmecodia tuberosa Jack) DENGAN DOKSORUBISIN TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN SEL LIMFOSIT, VERO, DAN HeLa SECARA IN VITRO

ANNISA QISTHIA F, Prof. Dr. Ediati Sasmito, S.E., Apt.

2014 | Skripsi | FARMASI

Terapi yang ditempuh untuk mengobati kanker serviks banyak melalui penggunaan obat-obatan sintesis, salah satunya doksorubisin. Akan tetapi, efek samping pemakaian doksorubisin dapat menurunkan sistem imun tubuh. Sarang semut (Myrmecodia tuberosa Jack), salah satu tumbuhan yang banyak ditemukan di Papua, telah dimanfaatkan secara empiris dalam pengobatan kanker dan penambah daya tahan tubuh. Penelitian-penelitian sebelumnya melaporkan bahwa beberapa spesies Myrmecodia dapat meningkatkan proliferasi limfosit secara in vitro, tidak mempengaruhi sel Vero, dan berefek sitotoksik terhadap sel HeLa. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan dengan mengevaluasi pertumbuhan sel limfosit, Vero, dan HeLa terhadap pemberian doksorubisin (4,027 μM) dan fraksi non n-heksan (FNH) ekstrak etanolik gall tumbuhan M. tuberosa dengan 4 variasi kadar (12,5; 25; 50; dan 100 μg/mL). Metode yang digunakan yaitu MTT assay dimana jumlah sel hidup akan dikuantifikasi berdasarkan absorbansinya menggunakan microplate reader. Data berupa % viabilitas sel Vero dan HeLa, serta indeks stimulasi sel limfosit dianalisis secara statistik dengan Oneway ANOVA Post Hoc Tukey (p<0,05). Hasil analisis statistik menunjukkan bahwa kombinasi FNH dan doksorubisin terhadap masing-masing sel memiliki perbedaan bermakna dibandingkan dengan kontrol negatif dan kontrol sel pada masing-masing sel (p<0,05). Kombinasi ini bersifat imunostimulator terhadap proliferasi sel limfosit mulai kadar 25 μg/mL. Sel Vero yang diberi perlakuan yang sama menunjukkan perbedaan bermakna dari kadar 50 μg/mL berupa peningkatan pertumbuhan sel. Sedangkan terhadap sel HeLa, pemberian FNH dari setiap kadarnya menyebabkan penurunan efektivitas doksorubisin karena pertumbuhan sel HeLa meningkat. Hasil tersebut dapat diartikan bahwa FNH ekstrak etanolik gall tumbuhan M. tuberosa dapat digunakan sebagai agen imunostimulator pada penderita kanker serviks setelah penggunaan doksorubisin.

The therapies in treating cervical cancer are generally being carried out by using synthetic medicines including doxorubicin. However, the usage of doxorubicin decreases immune system. Ant nest (Myrmecodia tuberosa Jack), one of the plants which is commonly found in Papua, has been used empirically in cancer treatments and as immune booster. Previous studies reported that some Myrmecodia species could increase in vitro lymphocytes proliferation, did not affect Vero cells, and were cytotoxic against HeLa cells. This study is conducted by evaluating the growth of lymphocytes, Vero, and HeLa cells to the application of doxorubicin (4.027 μM) and non n-hexane fraction (FNH) from the ethanolic extract of M. tuberosa’s gall with 4 doses variations (12,5; 25; 50; and 100 μg/mL). MTT assay method is used to quantify the living cells based on their absorbance using microplate reader. The data is presented as viability percentage (%) of Vero and HeLa cells, and also the lymphocytes stimulation index which has been statistically analyzed by Oneway ANOVA Post Hoc Tukey (p<0.05). Statistical analysis results showed that FNH and doxorubicin combination to the cells had significant differences compared to the negative control and cell control of each cell types (p<0.05). This combination had immunostimulatory effects to the lymphocytes proliferation starting from the dose of 25 μg/mL. Vero cells which were given with the same actions also showed significant differences from the dose of 50 μg/mL with the increasing of cell growth. Whereas the HeLa cells, every dose of FNH given became the cause of the decrease of doxorubicin effectiveness as the cells growth increased. These results led to a conclusion that FNH ethanolic extract of M. tuberosa’s gall can be used as immunostimulator agent for the cervical cancer patients after the treatments using doxorubicin.

Kata Kunci : fraksi non n-heksan, Myrmecodia tuberosa Jack, doksorubisin, in vitro, MTT assay