Pengaruh pendidikan gizi pada ibu terhadap peningkatan konsumsi ikan (Protein hewani) dan status gizi anak balita di daerah nelayan Kotamadya Semarang

PURBA, Rasita, dr. Hamam Hadi, MS.,ScD

2001 | Tesis | S2 Ilmu Kesehatan Masyarakat

Latar Belakang : Konsumsi ikan paling rendah di Indonesia adalah Pulau Jawa. Bahkan penduduk Jawa Tengah tingkat konsumsi ikannya baru mencapai 10,84 kgkapitdtahun. Ikan yang kaya akan zat gizi, baik diberikan pada anak balita sejak awal karena mudah dicerna dan dapat meningkatkan status gizi masyarakat untuk memperkecil masalah kurang energi-protein (KEP), terutama pada golongan rawan gizi yaitu anak balita. Melalui pemberian pendihkan gizi, ibu-ibu diharapkan mempunyai pengetahuan gizi dan sikap yang baik, sehingga terbentuk perubahan perilaku makan yang sehat dan dapat memperbaiki konsumsi makanan anak balita. Tujuan : Secara mum penelitian bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh pendidikan gizi terhadap peningkatan konsumsi ikan dan status gizi anak balita. Secara khusus menguji pengaruh pemberian pendidikan gizi terhadap pengetahuan gizi ibu, sikap dan praktek konsumsi ikan dan makanan lainnya serta status gizi anak balita. Metode Penelitian : Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian quasi experiment dengan rancangan control group time series design. Subjek penelitian adalah anak umur 2-5 tahun yang tinggal di daerah pantai. Dua kelurahan yang dipilih merupakan daerah penghasil ikan, yang mendapat perlakuan yang berbeda yaitu ada tidaknya pemberian pendidikan gizi. Jenis dan cara pengumpulan data meliputi : data pengetahuan gizi dan sikap melalui wawancara menggunakan kuesioner, konsumsi ikan dan makanan anak balita dengan metode food frequency, status gizi ditentukan berdasarkan z-skor BB/U WHO NCHS. Hasil : Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ada perbedaan yang bermakna (p < 0,001) pengetahuan gizi dan sikap ibu, kelompok perlakuan dan kelompok kontrol. Rata-rata konsumsi energi subjek sebelum diberi perlakuan pada kelompok perlakuan dan kontrol masing-masing sebesar 48,26% dan 44,83%, konsumsi protein sebesar 69,58% dan 57,28%, konsumsi protein ikan sebesar 3,5 gram dan 3,O gram. Setelah pemberian pendidikan gizi, pada kelompok perlakuan terjadi peningkatan konsumsi energ sebesar 59,11%, protein 82,05% dan protein ikan 6,6 gram, sedangkan pada kelompok kontrol untuk energi menjadi 45,82%, protein 60,6%, protein ikan 3,7 gram. Z-skor BB/U anak balita kelompok perlakuan lebih tinggi dari kelompok kontrol. Kesimpulan :Pendidikan gizi berpengaruh terhadap konsumsi ikadmakanan lainnya dan status gizi anak balita.

Background: The lowest fish consumption in Indonesia is in Java. In Central Java, the consumption in only 10.84 kg/capita/year. Fish is nutritious and is good for children as it is easy to digest and may increase people's nutritional status to reduce energy-protein problem (KEP), especially among children. Through nutritional education, mothers are expected to have nutritional knowledge and better attitude, so that there will be a change toward healthy food behavior and it may improve food consumption among children. Objectives: In general, this study was aimed to examone the effect at nutritional education to increase fish consumption and nutritional status of children. Specifically, this study was done to find out the effect of nutritional education on mothers' nutritional knowledge, attitude, and fish and other food consumption practice and the nutritional status of children. Methods: This was a quasi-experimental study using control group time series design. The subjects were 2-5 years old children living in the seashore. Two villages chosen were fish producers and got different treatment, i.e. availability and unavailability of nutritional education. Data obtained included nutritional knowledge and attitude which were taken from interviews using questionnaires, fish consumption, and child under five years food by using food frequency. Nutritional status was determined using z-score weight for age WHO NCHS. Results: The results showed that there was significant difference (p < 0.001) in terms of nutritional status and mothers attitude, between treatment and control groups. The subjects' average consumption of energy before treatment among the treatment and control groups were 48.26% and 44.83% respectively; protein consumption were 69.58% and 57.28%; fish protein consumption were 3.5 gram and 3.0 gram. After the nutritional education was given, the treatment group had increasing energy consumption up to 59.11%; protein 82.05%; and fish protein 6.6 gram. Meanwhile among the control group, the energy reached 45.82%; protein 60.6%; fish protein 3.7 gram. Z-score Weight for Age of children in the treatment group was higher than that of control group. Conclusion: Nutrition knowledge effects to fish consumptiordother food consumption and under five years nutritional status.

Kata Kunci : Gizi Anak,Balita,Pendidikan Gizi Ibu,Konsumsi Ikan, nutritional education - nutritional knowledge - attitude - fish and other food consumption - nutritional status