KESANTUNAN DALAM PIDATO KAMPANYE BARACK OBAMA TAHUN 2012

Tyas Gita Atibrata, Dr. Aris Munandar, M. Hum

2014 | Tesis | S2 Linguistik

Pada sebuah pemilihan umum, salah satu hal yang paling penting bagi politisi ialah masa kampanye dimana seorang politisi hendak meminta pada warganya memilih politisi tersebut. Barack Obama juga melakukan pidato-pidato kampanye untuk menggalang suara dan memenangkan pemilihan. Pidato kampanye politik yang disampaikan oleh Barack Obama merupakan salah satu pidato yang memikat dan efektif. Tujuan penelitian dari penelitian ini ialah untuk mengetahui prinsip-prinsip kesopanan dan strategi kesopanan yang digunakan oleh Barack Obama dalam pidato kampanyenya. Selain itu, penelitian ini juga bertujuan untuk mengetahui adakah pelanggaran prinsip kesopanan yang dilakukan oleh Barack Obama. Penelitian ini juga ingin mengetahui latar belakang dibalik penggunaan strategi-strategi prinsip kesopanan serta pelanggaran prinsip kesopanan yang dilakukan Barack Obama dalam pidato kampanyenya. Obama melakukan pematuhan enam maksim yang diusulkan oleh Leech sedangkan Obama melakukan pelanggaran pada empat maksim kesopanan. Obama juga melakukan strategi kesopanan positif dan negatif untuk menjaga muka para audiens.Terdapat beberapa tujuan dilaksanakannya kesantunan berbahasa yang dilakukan yaitu untuk menarik perhatian lawan tutur, untuk membangun semangat lawan tutur, untuk menunjukkan citra tulus, jujur, dan apa adanya, untuk memberikan citra buruk tentang orang lain, untuk meminta dukungan, untuk memberi kepercayaan kepada lawan tutur, untuk menumbuhkan harapan dan sikap positif audiens terhadap pemerintahan, untuk mendeskripsikan program kerja.

During an election season, one of the important moments for politicians is campaign rallies. During campaign rallies the politicians ask people to vote for them. They need to have a wonderful speech in order to get people’s votes. Barack Obama as a politician who ran as a second term president was also having campaign in several cities. The campaign speech of Barack Obama is very interesting to be investigated as it is very moved and proven effective in gaining votes. This research was aimed to describe the use of politeness principles and politeness strategies that are used by Barack Obama in his campaign speech. This research was also aimed to describe motivation of Barack Obama using his politeness strategies. The result of this research shows that Obama used six politeness maxims that are proposed by Leech. However, Obama was also violated four out of six maxims.There were also some realization of positive politeness strategies which are notice: attend to hearer (his interest, wants, deeds, goods), exaggerate (interest, approval, sympathy with hearer), intensify interest to hearer, use in-group identity markers, presuppose/raise/assert common ground, making joke, assert or presuppose speaker’s knowledge and of and concern for hearer’s wants, offer or promise, be optimistic, include both speaker and hearer in the activity, give or ask for reasons, assume or assert reciprocity. There were also some realization of negative politeness strategies that are minimize the imposition, impersonalize S and H, State the FTA as a general rule There are also found some motives of realization of politeness strategies that are done by Barack Obama. The motivations are to draw attention of the hearer, to build hearers’ enthusiasm, to build a positive, honest, sincere, clean self image , to give a bad image of others, to ask for votes, to give trust to the hearer, to build hope and positive attitude towards the government, to describe Obama’s plan as a president candidate.

Kata Kunci : Kesopanan, Pidato Kampanye, Barack Obama,