KEANEKARAGAMAN DAN KEMELIMPAHAN JENIS SERANGGA DI LAHAN PERTANIAN STOBERI (Fragaria sp.) ORGANIK DAN KONVENSIONAL DI KOPENG

Achmad Gazali, Dr. R.C. Hidayat Soesilohadi, M.S.

2014 | Tesis | S2 Biologi

Keanekaragaman jenis serangga yang berasosiasi pada tanaman stroberi perlu dikelola dengan baik. Serangga herbivor dapat menyebabkan kerusakan dan berpotensi sebagai hama. Komunitas tanaman stroberi dipenuhi berbagai spesies serangga yang turut menyusun stuktur komunitas. Keystone dan dominant species yang terdapat pada rantai makanan membentuk mekanisme regulasi bottom-up dan top-down. Penelitian bertujuan untuk mengetahui keanekaragaman dan dominansi jenis serangga di lahan pertanian stroberi organik (10m 2 ) dan konvensional (10m 2 ) di Kopeng (7 o 23’ 29” LS dan 110 o 25’ 3” BT dan 1450m dpl). Penelitian dilaksanakan pada bulan Agustus sampai November 2013. Metode koleksi dengan pengambilan serangga secara langsung dan menggunakan fly nets, yellow traps dan light traps. Serangga yang tertangkap terdiri dari 7 Ordo, 35 Famili, 60 Genus, dan 62 Spesies. Indeks Keanekaragaman lebih tinggi di lahan pertanian stroberi organik (1,39±0,57) daripada konvensional (0,53±0,30). Indeks Dominansi lebih rendah di lahan pertanian stroberi organik (0,40±0,23) daripada konvensional (0,70±0,20). Indeks Kesamaan Komunitas sebesar 0.506. Parameter lingkungan yang diukur pada bulan September, Oktober dan November meliputi suhu (23,56±1,66 o C, 22,67±1,45 o C dan 22,46±1,9 o C), kelembaban (59,33±4,38%, 72,56±7,98% dan 75,24±9,43%), intensitas cahaya (13610±106,65 lux, 18520±16393,5 lux dan 31490±28327lux), dan kecepatan angin (12,25 km/jm, 12 km/jm dan 13,5 km/jm). Persentase tanaman stroberi vegetatif, berbunga, dan berbuah di lahan pertanian stroberi organik sebesar 67,94%, 15,63% dan 16,44%, di lahan pertanian stroberi konvensional sebesar 71,40%, 14,16%, dan 14,44%. Serangga yang mendominasi kedua lahan adalah Chaitosiphon fragaefolii, whiteflies, Spodoptera litura, Stenotus sp. dan Camponatus sp. Persentase tanaman stroberi berbunga dan berbuah lebih tinggi 1,47% dan 2% di lahan pertanian stroberi organic dengan memakai insect – proof screen.

The insect species diversity which is associated on strawberry plants needs to be managed properly. Herbivorous insects can cause damage and play as potential pests. Strawberry plants communities consisted by various species of insects that build up the structure of the community. Keystone and dominant species which is found in the food chain forms a regulatory mechanism of bottomup and top-down. The aim of this study was to determine the diversity and dominance of insects in organic (10 m 2 ) and conventional (10 m 2 ) strawberry farms in Kopeng (7 o 23’ 29” S dan 110 o 25’ 3” E and 1450 m asl). This study was conducted in August to November 2013. The collection of insects methods are direct capture and using flying net, yellow traps and light traps. The Insects that caught in organic and conventional strawberries farm are consists of 7 Order, Family 35, 60 Genus and 62 Species. The diversity indices is higher in the organic (1.39±0.57) than the conventional (0.53±0.30) strawberry farms. The dominance indices is lower in organic (0.40±0.23) than the conventional (0.70±0.20) strawberry farms. The community similarity indices are 0506. The temperature in September was (23,56 °C), October (22,67 °C) and November (22,46 °C). The humidity in September was (59,33%), October (72, 56%) and November (75,24%). The light intensity in September was (13610 lux), October (18520 lux), and November (31490 lux). The wind velocity in September was (12.25 km/h), October (12 km/h), and November (13.5 km/h). The percentage of strawberry plants vegetative, flowering, and fruiting in organic strawberry farms are 67.94%, 15.63% and 16.44%, in conventional are 71.40%, 14.16%, and 14.44 %. Insects that dominate both area are Chaitosiphon fragaefolii, whiteflies, Spodoptera litura, Stenotus sp. and Camponatus sp. The percentage of flowering and fruiting strawberries are higher 1.47% and 2% in organic strawberry farms by using insect - proof screen.

Kata Kunci : Keanekaragaman, komunitas, stroberi, organik.