INTRODUKSI BURUNG BENTET KELABU Laniusschach Linn. DARI YOGYAKARTA KE SULAWESI UTARA UNTUK PENGENDALIAN HAYATI HAMA Sexava nubila Stal. PADA PERTANAMAN KELAPA

Fredy Lala, Prof. Dr. Ir. Fransiscus Xaverius Wagiman, S.U.

2014 | Disertasi | S3 Ilmu Hama Tumbuhan

Kelapa sebagai komoditas unggulan di Sulawesi Utara terkendala oleh serangan hama utama belalang Sexava spp.Penelitian bertujuan untuk (1) Mengetahui karakteristik habitat burung Bentet Kelabu L. schach di Tanjungsari dan Moronge, (2) Mengevaluasi kemapanan burung Bentet KelabuL. schach di habitat tujuan, (3) Mengevaluasi dampak introduksi burung Bentet Kelabu L. schach terhadap populasi belalangS. nubila dan intensitas kerusakan daun kelapa.Pengamatan vegetasi dan serangga dilakukan menggunakan kombinasi metode jalur dan garis berpetak. Keanekaragaman vegetasi dan serangga menggunakanindeks Shannon(H’), pengukuran kemiripan dua habitat menggunakan indeks kemiripan (IS). Populasi, pemencaran, dan munculnya generasi baru burung Bentet KelabuL. schach diamati secara langsung dengan cara transek. Populasi belalang S. nubila dan intensitas kerusakan daun kelapa diamati pada 120 pohon sampel sebulan sebelum dan 10 bulan berturut -turut sesudah burung Bentet KelabuL. schach dilepaskan. Hasil penelitian yaitu keanekaragaman serangga pada habitat asal 2,57 sedangkan pada habitat tujuan 2,87. Indeks kemiripan vegetasi dan serangga antara habitat asal dan tujuanyaitu 19-25% dan 29%. Dari 40 ekor burung Bentet KelabuL. schach yang dilepaskan ditemukan kembali 20 ekor, burung predator telah memencar sejauh 6-15 km dari lokasi pelepasan, dan ditemukannya dua ekor burung muda L. schach. Rata-rata populasi belalang S. nubila pada 10 bulan sesudah pelepasan21,05 ekor/pohon signifikan lebih rendah daripada satu bulan sebelum pelepasan 23,65 ekor/pohon. Intensitas kerusakan sedang dan berat berubah menjadi ringan dalam waktu tiga dan lima bulan sesudah pelepasan burung Bentet KelabuL. schach.

The coconutas acompetitive commoditiesin North Sulawesi was constrained by attack Sexava spp. The research aims to (1) Know characteristic habitat of Long-Tailed Shrike L. schach in Tanjungsari and Moronge, (2) Evaluate the establishment of Long-Tailed Shrike L. schach in destination habitat, (3) Evaluate the impact of the introduction of L. schach to population of S. nubila and damage intensity of coconut palm leaves. The observations on vegetation and insect were conducted using a combination of path sand terraced line methods. Vegetation and insect diversity was calculated by Shannon index (H'), the similarity of two habitats was measured through similarity index (IS). Populations, dispersal, and the emergence of a new progeny of Long-Tailed Shrike L. schach was observed directly by the transect. Populations of S. nubila and damage intensity on coconut leaves was observed at 120 coconut trees sampled one month before and 10 months consecutive after release of L. schach. The results showed the diversity of insects in the origin habitat 2,57 where as in the destination habitat 2,87. The similarity index of vegetation and insects between origin and destination habitats are 19-25% and 29%. Within three months after the release, 20 out of the 40 individuals of the Long tailed shrike were rediscovered, It has been dispersed as far as 6-15 km from the release site, and found two young L. schach. The average population of S. nubilaat 10 months after release (21.05 individuals/tree) was significantly lower than at one month before the release (23.65 individuals/tree). The moderate and severe damage intensity turned into light within three and five months after the release of L. schach.

Kata Kunci : kelapa,Lanius schach, Sexava nubila, introduksi