RESURJENSI WERENG BATANG COKELAT AKIBAT APLIKASI INSEKTISIDA ABAMEKTIN

NOVA LAILI WISUDA, Prof. Ir. Y. Andi Trisyono, M.Sc., Ph.D.

2014 | Tesis | S2 Ilmu Hama Tumbuhan

Aplikasi konsentrasi rendah insektisida cenderung menstimulasi kesuburan serangga yang merupakan faktor penyebab resurjensi. Wereng Batang Cokelat (Nilaparvata lugens) merupakan hama utama pada pertanaman padi dan sering mengalami resurjensi. Abamektin merupakan insektisida golongan makrolida yang mulai intesif digunakan untuk pengendalian N. lugens dan diketahui konsentrasi sublethalnya mampu mengubah komposisi nutrisi pada tanaman. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui pengaruh aplikasi abamektin terhadap perubahan nutrisi tanaman padi dan resurjensi N. lugens. Nilaparvata lugens yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah populasi peka yang dibiakkan di Laboratorium Toksikologi, Fakultas Pertanian, Universitas Gadjah Mada. Varietas padi yang digunakan adalah Situ Bagendit. Konsentrasi abamektin yang digunakan 18; 13,5; 9; 4,5 dan 0 ppm dilakukan 3 kali aplikasi pada 10, 20 dan 30 hari setelah tanam, spraying menggunakan Rainfaller (alat hujan buatan). Aplikasi abamektin pada konsentrasi sublethal 4,5 ppm abamektin menyebabkan resurjensi N. lugens pada generasi ke-3 serta menurunkan kekerasan batang (15,6%), meningkatkan protein (7,5%) dan menurunkan kadar sukrosa (49,4%) pada tanaman padi. Perubahan komposisi nutrisi dan lebih lunaknya batang padi diduga berkontribusi pada meningkatnya keperidian N. lugens yang menyebabkan resurjensi. Aplikasi konsentrasi sub-lethal 4,5 ppm mampu meningkatkan keperidian N. lugens hingga 18,6% dengan viabilitas telur yang cukup tinggi yaitu 99,5%. Diperlukan penelitian lanjutan studi tentang hubungan aplikasi insektisida sublethal, nutrisi tanaman, perilaku makan dan keperidian.

Low concentrations of insecticide often stimulate the insects fecundity that would contribute to resurgence. Nilaparvata lugens is the primary pest in rice and this insect has been frequently reported for resurgence after application of several different insecticides. Abamectin belongs to the family of macrocyclic lactones and it is intensively being used to control N. lugens. This insecticide is also known that application at sublethal concentrations can alter the plant nutrition composition. This research was conducted to determine the effect of abamectin application on rice plant nutrition and N. lugens resurgence. N. lugens used in this experiment was the laboratory-adapted population and susceptible to insecticides. The rice variety used was Situ Bagendit. The insecticide concentrations were 18 (the recommended field application); 13,5; 9; 4,5; and 0 ppm with 3 times of application at 10, 20 and 30 days after planting. Spraying was done using rainfaller. Application of abamectin at 4,5 ppm cuased N. lugens resurgence at the third generation, decreased the toughness of stem (15,6%), increased protein (7,5%) and decreased sucrose (49,4%) content compared to those in the control. The changing in the nutritional content and softening the stem might have contributed to the increasing fecundity of N. lugens which led to resurgence. The sublethal concentration of 4,5 ppm increased N. lugens fecundity up to 18,6% compared to the control with egg viability of 99,5%. Follow up research is needed to study the relathionship between sublethal application-plant nutrition-feeding behavior-fecundity.

Kata Kunci : Nilaparvata lugens, abamektin, sub-lethal, resurjensi, nutrisi, padi.