HUBUNGAN OBESITAS, HIPERTENSI, KETURUNAN DAN POLA MAKAN DENGAN KEJADIAN DIABETES MELLITUS

SHINTA PERTIWI, Ir. Subagyo, Ph.D.

2014 | Skripsi | GIZI KESEHATAN

Latar belakang: Diabetes mellitus merupakan salah satu penyakit degeneratif yang prevalensinya terus meningkat setiap tahunnya. WHO memprediksikan pada tahun 2025 jumlah pasien diabetes mellitus di dunia bisa mencapai 300 juta orang. Tujuan:Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan antara obesitas, hipertensi, keturunan dan pola makan dengan kejadian diabetes mellitus. Metode: Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian observasional dengan rancangan cross-sectional dengan subjek penelitian 129 orang pegawai UGM di GMC health center yang sedang melakukan medical check up pada bulan Maret dan April 2014. Variabel bebas meliputi obesitas, keturunan, hipertensi, pola makan dan diabetes mellitus sebagai variabel terikat. Data tentang pola makan diperoleh dengan menggunakan formulir semi quantitative food frequency questionnaire(SQFFQ), data keturunan dengan wawancara dan data obesitas, hipertensi dan GDP menggunakan data sekunder dari GMC health center. Data dianalisis dengan uji statistik menggunakan uji chi square. Hasil: Persentase sampel yang mengalami obesitas sebesar 42,64%, mengalami hipertensi 9,30%, mempunyai keturunan DM 13,18% dan sampel yang mengalami diabetes mellitus sebesar 12,4%. Ada hubungan bermakna antara keturunan DM dengan kejadian diabetes mellitus (p<0,05). Ada hubungan bermakna antara asupan lemak dengan kejadian diabetes mellitus(p<0,05) begitupun dengan konsumsi sayur-sayuran, susu dan snack mempunyai hubungan yang bermakna dengan kejadian diabetes mellitus(p<0,05). Tidak ada hubungan bermakna antara obesitas, hipertensi, asupan energi, protein, karbohidrat dan serat dengan kejadian diabetes mellitus. Kesimpulan: Ada hubungan yang bermakna antara keturuanan DM, asupan lemak, konsumsi sayur-sayuran, susu dan snack terhadap kejadian diabetes mellitus.

Background: Diabetes mellitus is one of degenerative dieses and the prevalence always increase every year. WHO predicted that in 2025 the number of diabetes mellitus outpatients in the world can reach up to 300 milions people. Objective: The aim of this studi is to determine the relationship between obesity, hypertension, diabetic family history, eating pattern and diabetes mellitus. Method: This was an observational study with cross sectional design. Subject were 129 people of the study were employees of Gadjah Mada University who did general check up at GMC health center on March and April 2014. Independent variable including obesity, hypertension, diabetic family history, eating pattern and diabetes mellitus as dependent variable. Data of eating pettern is obtained by semi quantitative food frequency questionnaire (SQFFQ). Data about diabetic family history is obtained by interview and data about obesity, hypertension dan fasting blood glucose value are obtained by secondary data from GMC health center. Data were analyzed using chi square Result: Percentage samples with obesity nutritional status were 42,64%, have hypertension were 9,30%, have diabetic family history were 13,18% and samples with diabetes mellitus were 12,40%. There was significant association between diabetic family history and diabetes mellitus (p<0,05). There was significant associaton between fat intake and diabetes mellitus (p<0,05) and also vegetables, milk and snack consumption have significant association with diabetes mellitus (p<0,05). There was no significant association between obesity, hypertension, energy intake, protein, carbohydrate, fiber and diabetes mellitus. Conclution: There was significant association between diabetic family history, fat intake, vegetables, milk and snack consumption and diabetes mellitus.

Kata Kunci : obesitas, hipertensi, keturunan DM, pola makan, diabetes mellitus. 1