PREDIKTOR RAWAT INAP ULANG BAYI BERAT LAHIR RENDAH SEJAK DILAHIRKAN SAMPAI 44 MINGGU USIA KONSEPSI DI RSUP DR SARDJITO

Woro Triaksiwi Wulansari, Prof. dr. Sri Suparyati Soenarto, Ph.D, SpA(K).

2014 | Tesis | S2 Ked.Klinik/MS-PPDS

Latar belakang: Rawat inap ulang bayi berat lahir rendah merupakan masalah kesehatan yang penting. Karena faktor berat bayi atau imaturitasnya, bayi berat lahir rendah menaikkan risiko rawat inap ulang sejak dilahirkan sampai 44 minggu usia konsepsi. Tujuan penelitian: Mengetahui prevalensi penyebab rawat inap ulang bayi berat lahir rendah sejak perawatan pertama saat dilahirkan sampai 44 minggu usia konsepsi dan mengetahui faktor prediksi rawat inap ulang bayi berat lahir rendah. Metode Penelitian: Studi cohort retrospective dilakukan pada 120 bayi berat lahir rendah yang lahir di IMP (Instalasi Maternal Perinatal) RSUP Dr. Sardjito. Penelitian ini dilakukan di Yogyakarta sejak 1 Januari 2013 sampai 31 Desember 2013. Pemilihan subyek penelitian dengan consecutive sampling. Bayi berat lahir rendah adalah bayi dengan berat lahir < 2500 gram dan di ikuti sampai 44 minggu usia konsepsi. Analisis data dengan SPSS 17 dilakukan uji Chi-Square dengan derajat kemaknaan p <0,05 dan analisis regresi logistik. Hasil penelitian: Prevalensi rawat inap ulang bayi berat lahir rendah sejak dilahirkan sampai 44 minggu usia konsepsi sebesar 4,82% dari keseluruhan bayi berat lahir rendah yang dirawat di IMP RSUP Dr. Sardjito. Tidak dilakukan perawatan bayi lekat (KMC/ Kangaroo Mother Care) dan pemberian selain ASI (Air Susu Ibu) menjadi faktor prediktor rawat inap ulang (p= 0,01). Jenis kelamin laki-laki (RR: 2,30; IK 95% : 0,58-9,18, p= 0,24), kesesuaian umur kehamilan (RR: 0,31; IK 95%: 0,07-1,40, p= 0,13) dan pendidikan ibu rendah (RR: 0,93; IK 95%: 0,21-4,19, p= 0,93) tidak bermakna secara statistik tapi dapat menaikkan risiko rawat inap ulang bayi berat lahir rendah sejak dilahirkan sampai 44 minggu usia konsepsi. Simpulan: Prevalensi rawat inap ulang sebesar 4,82% pada bayi berat lahir rendah sejak dilahirkan sampai 44 minggu usia konsepsi. Tidak dilakukan perawatan bayi lekat dan pemberian selain ASI (Air Susu Ibu) menjadi faktor prediktor rawat inap ulang sejak dilahirkan sampai 44 minggu usia konsepsi. Kata kunci: bayi berat lahir rendah, 44 minggu usia konsepsi, rawat inap ulang, prediktor.

Background: Re-hospitalization of low birth weight infants is an important health problem. Due to the body weight or immaturity, low birth weight infants are at increased risk for rehospitalization since birth until the 44 weeks of conception age. Objective: To know the prevalence of re-hospitalization in low birth weight infants since the first treatment at birth until 44 weeks of conception age and to know factors predicting rehospitalization. Methods: A retrospective cohort study included 120 low birth weight infants who were born in the Maternal-Perinatal Department of Dr. Sardjito Hospital. The study was conducted in Yogyakarta from January 1, 2013 to December 31, 2013. A consecutive sampling was done to choose low birth weight infants with birth weight <2500 g and they were followed until 44 weeks of conception age. Data analysis used the SPSS 17 Chi-Square test with significance level p <0.05 and logistic regression analysis. Results: The prevalence of re-hospitalization of low birth weight infants from birth to 44 weeks of conception age was 4.82% from all low birth weight infants treated in the Maternal-Perinatal Department of Dr. Sardjito Hospital. Predictors of re-hospitalization included not doing Kangaroo Mother Care and feeding other than breast milk (p = 0.01). The male sex (RR: 2.30; 95% CI: 0.58 to 9.18, p = 0.24), the appropriateness for gestational age (RR: 0.31; 95% CI: 0.07 to 1.40, p = 0.13) and low maternal education (RR: 0.93; 95% CI: 0.21 to 4.19, p = 0.93) were not statistically significant but may increase the risk for re-hospitalization in low birth weight infants from birth to 44 weeks of conception age. Conclusion: The prevalence of re-hospitalization in low birth weight infants from birth to 44 weeks of conception age was 4.82%. Not doing Kangaroo Mother Care (KMC) and feeding other than breast milk were predicting factors of re-hospitalization from birth to 44 weeks of conception age. Key words: low birth weight infants, 44 weeks of conception age, repeated hospitalizations, predictors.

Kata Kunci : bayi berat lahir rendah, 44 minggu usia konsepsi, rawat inap ulang, prediktor.