STRATEGI PENGHIDUPAN RUMAHTANGGA DI KECAMATAN PATAMUAN KABUPATEN PADANG PARIAMAN PASCA GEMPA BUMI SUMATERA BARAT TAHUN 2009

SITI RUKAYAH, Prof. Dr. Hadi Sabari Yunus, M.A.,DRS

2014 | Tesis | S2 Kependudukan

Penelitian strategi penghidupan rumahtangga Kecamatan Patamuan pasca gempa bumi Sumatera Barat ini dilatarbelakangi oleh perubahan kondisi sosial ekonomi masyarakat Kecamatan Patamuan akibat terjadinya gempa bumi. Gempa bumi Sumatera Barat tahun 2009 menyebabkan banyaknya korban jiwa serta hancurnya lingkungan fisik, termasuk rumah dan fasilitas umum yang berdampak pada kerugian sosial dan ekonomi yang menyebabkan masyarakat perlu mengatur strategi penghidupan untuk mempertahankan kelangsungan hidup mereka. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendapatkan gambaran tentang kerentanan rumahtangga pasca gempa bumi Sumatera Barat tahun 2009 serta menganalisis strategi penghidupan rumahtangga di Kecamatan Patamuan pasca gempa bumi Sumatera Barat tahun 2009. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah survey untuk sampling dengan menggunakan metode kuantitatif untuk analisisnya. Hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa kerentanan rumahtangga terbesar disebabkan oleh pendapatan rendah sebanyak 61 rumahtangga (40,67%), kerusakan rumah sebanyak 32 rumahtangga (21,33%), pendapatan berkurang sebanyak 17 rumahtangga (11,33%), anggota rumahtangga meninggal sebanyak 4 rumahtangga (2,67%), kehilangan pekerjaan sebanyak 3 rumahtangga (2,00%), kegagalan panen dan kegagalan usaha masing-masing sebanyak 25 orang (16,67%) dan 8 orang (5,33%). Strategi bertahan hidup yang umumnya dilakukan rumahtangga diantaranya strategi survival dengan cara membeli beras berkualitas rendah sebanyak 50 rumahtangga (33,33%), membeli padi yang belum ditumbuk menjadi beras sebanyak 14 rumahtangga (9,33%), dan 25 rumahtangga (16,67%) berhutang. Selanjutnya strategi konsolidasi dengan cara menanam sendiri ketela dan sayur-sayuran untuk dikonsumsi sehari-hari sebanyak 29 rumahtangga (19,34%), menanam padi ladang sebanyak 18 rumahtangga (12%), berjualan kecil-kecilan sebanyak 6 rumahtangga (4%), serta strategi akumulasi dengan cara beternak ayam sebanyak 8 rumahtangga (5,33%).

The Research of household livelihood strategies of Patamuan District after West Sumatra earthquake is motivated by changes in socio-economic conditions of the District Patamuan due to the earthquake. West Sumatra earthquake in 2009 caused the loss of life and destruction of the physical environment including homes and public facilities that have an impact on social and economic losses caused people need to adjust livelihood strategies to maintain their live survival. This research aims to get an overview of the vulnerability of the household after the West Sumatra earthquake in 2009 and analyzing household livelihood strategies in Patamuan District of West Sumatra post earthquake in 2009. The research method used in this is to survey sampling using quantitative for analysis. The results of this study indicate that the largest household vulnerability caused by as many as 61 low-income households (40.67%), damage to house a total of 32 households (21.33%), revenues decreased by 17 households (11.33%), household member dies by 4 households (2.67%), loss of employment as much as 3 households (2.00%), crop failure and the failure of their respective businesses as many as 25 people (16.67%) and 8 (5.33%). Livelihood strategy is generally made them household is survival strategy by buying low-quality rice by 50 households (33.33%), buy paddy that has not been ground into rice a total of 14 households (9.33%), and 25 households (16.67 %) in debt. Further consolidation strategy alone by planting cassava and vegetables consumed daily for a total of 29 households (19.34%), plant rice fields a total of 18 households (12%), selling small as 6 households (4%), and accumulation strategies in how to raise chickens as much as 8 households (5.33%).

Kata Kunci : gempa bumi, kerentanan, strategi