ANALISIS SITOGENETIK KARIOLISIS EPITEL MUKOSA BUKAL PADA PEKERJA DRY CLEANING DI YOGYAKARTA

ANNIS SYARIFAH, Prof. Dr. drg. Regina TC. Tandelilin, M.Sc

2014 | Skripsi | PENDIDIKAN DOKTER GIGI

Dry cleaning merupakan proses pencucian tanpa air yang menggunakan pelarut pembersih khusus diantaranya perchloroethylene. Menurut penelitian terdahulu dilaporkan perchloroethylene dicurigai bersifat toksik. Rongga mulut merupakan pintu utama bahan-bahan yang bersifat toksik yang masuk ke dalam tubuh melalui inhalasi maupun ingesti termasuk bahan pelarut pembersih dry cleaning. Toksisitas suatu bahan dapat ditandai dengan kematian sel yang tidak terkontrol atau nekrosis. Kariolisis merupakan salah satu tahap nekrosis sel yang frekuensinya dapat menjadi indikator tingkat nekrosis suatu jaringan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui frekuensi kariolisis nukleus sel epitel mukosa bukal rongga mulut pada pekerja dry cleaning di Yogyakarta. Perhitungan frekuensi kariolisis dilakukan dengan teknik exfoliative cytology epitel mukosa bukal rongga mulut. Subjek penelitian adalah dua belas pegawai drycleaning Yogyakarta yang terpapar dan berkontak langsung dengan perchloroethylene. Subjek pada kelompok kontrol sebanyak dua belas mahasiswa FKG UGM yang tidak memiliki resiko terpaparperchloroethylene. Pada semua subjek dilakukan usapan menggunakan cytobrush pada epitel mukosa bukal kiri. Selanjutnya sampel diproses untuk pemeriksaan histologis menggunakan pengecatan metode modifikasi Feulgen-Rossenbeck kemudian diidentifikasi dan dihitung dibawah mikroskop cahaya per 1000 sel. Hasil penelitian memperlihatkan frekuensi kariolisis epitel mukosa bukal kelompok yang terpapar perchloroethyleneberbeda bermakna dibandingkan dengan kelompok kontrol. Disimpulkan terjadi peningkatan bermakna frekuensi kariolisis epitel mukosa bukal dan terjadi 7 tahun setelah terpapar perchloroethylene.

Dry cleaning is washing procedure using chemical solvent other than water. The most frequent chemical solvent used in dry cleaning is perchloroethylene which is suspected to have toxic property and possibility to poison human body by means of oral ingestion and inhalation. The degree of toxicity of material can be measured by evaluating cellular necrosis in affected tissue. As one of the stages of cellular necrosis, karyolysis is mostly chosen to measure material toxicity since the frequency of karyolysis can describe degree of necrosis. The aim of this study was to evaluate karyolysis frequency in buccal mucosal epithelial cells of dry cleaning workers in Yogyakarta. An exfoliative cytology techniques of buccal mucosal epithel was used to assess karyolysis frequency. Twelve drycleaning workers who have direct and daily exposure to perchloroethylene were chosen for subjects of this study. Twelvestudents of Faculty of Dentistry Universitas Gadjah Mada who didn’t have the risk of perchloroethylene exposure were chosen for control group. All subjects swabbedin left side of buccal mucosal epithel with cytobrush. Swabbed specimens were dyed usingFeulgen-Rossenbeck modification technique and evaluated microscopically per 1000 cells. Results of this study showed that karyolysis frequency of buccal mucosal epithelial cells in perchloroethylene exposed group was significantly different compared to control group. It is concluded that there were relationship between perchloroethyleneexposurewithincreasing of karyolysis frequency in buccal mucosal epithelial cells and occur 7 years after exposure significantly.

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