KARAKTER MORFOLOGIS DAN KERAGAMAN PAKAN BUNGLON POHON (Bronchocela jubata Dumeril & Bribon, 1837) DI SUNGAI OPAK DAERAH ISTIMEWA YOGYAKARTA

ODILIA RATNA P, Drs. Trijoko, M.Si.

2014 | Skripsi | BIOLOGI

Java is one of the biggest island in Indonesia and divided into east, middle, and west regions. Each of them differ in landscapes, climates, and any other enviromental conditions. Those can lead to variation of animal characters on each regions. Biodiversity in Yogyakarta are very high. It is supported by various of ecosystems within the province. One of the riparian ecosystem in Yogyakarta is Opak River. It becomes a water source for animals live along the riverside, include for the herpetofauna Bronchocela jubata. This insectivorous lizard has an important role in food chain within riparian ecosystem. This research was conducted to find out the morphological characters and dietary diversity of B. jubata at Opak riverside. VES (Visual Encounter Surveys) method was used for sampling. Then 60 morphological characters of each specimens were observed and measured. Specimens were identified based on Book of Identification and paratype specimens from Lembaga Ilmu Pengetahuan Indonesia (LIPI). All data were analyzed with NTSYSpc 2.1 to understand the similarity value of each individu. The ventriculus of each individu were preserved and then dissected. Food substances within ventriculus were observed using stereo microscope. The results showed that specimens of B. jubata at Opak riverside had more similarity with West Java specimens than with Sulawesi specimens. Similarity value of opak specimens and paratype specimens from West Java was 62%. Whereas similarity of opak specimens and paratype specimens from Sulawesi was just 54%. Specimens B. jubata at Opak riverside have observation of ventriculus contents showed that B. jubata mostly preyed on Insects from Order Hymenoptera, Lepidoptera, Odonata, Hemiptera, Orthoptera, and Coleoptera. Conclusion of this research, B. jubata at Opak riverside were similar with paratype specimens from West Java. B. jubata’s prey consist of 6 orders of insect, most of them were members of Order Odonata and Orthoptera.

Pulau Jawa merupakan salah satu pulau besar di Indonesia, terbagi menjadi Jawa bagian barat, tengah serta timur yang memiliki bentang lahan, iklim maupun kondisi lingkungan berbeda. Hal tersebut memicu perbedaan karakter fauna di setiap wilayah. Yogyakarta memiliki keanekaragaman hayati cukup tinggi, terdiri dari berbagai ekosistem. Salah satunya ekosistem riparian yang dijumpai di Sungai Opak. Sungai dijadikan sebagai sumber mata air bagi hewan yang tinggal disekitarnya, termasuk kelompok hewan herpetofauna yaitu Bronchocela jubata. Bronchocela jubata sebagai hewan insektivora, memiliki peranan penting dalam rantai makanan. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui karakter morfologis serta keragaman pakan B. jubata di Sungai Opak. Pengambilan sampel dilakukan dengan metode VES (Visual Encounter Surveys). Seluruh sampel yang diperoleh, dilakukan pengukuran terhadap 60 karakter morfologis. Identifikasi spesimen berdasar buku identifikasi serta spesimen paratype dari Lembaga Ilmu Pengetahuan Indonesia (LIPI). Analisis data menggunakan NTSYSpc 2.1 untuk mengetahui nilai similaritas antar individu. Analisis isi lambung dengan membedah lambung spesimen yang telah dipreservasi dan diamati dengan mikroskop stereo. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa spesimen B. jubata Sungai Opak memiliki lebih banyak kemiripan dengan spesimen paratype Jawa Barat dibandingkan paratype Sulawesi. Nilai similaritas spesimen Sungai Opak dengan paratype Jawa Barat sebesar 62% sedangkan dengan paratype Sulawesi sebesar 54%. Hasil analisis terhadap isi lambung diketahui B. jubata memangsa serangga yang terdiri dari Ordo Hymenoptera, Lepidoptera, Odonata, Hemiptera, Orthoptera, dan Coleoptera. Dari penelitian dapat disimpulkan bahwa B. jubata di Sungai Opak menyerupai spesimen paratype Jawa Barat dan serangga yang menjadi pakan terbanyak yaitu Ordo Odonata dan Orthoptera.

Kata Kunci : Bronchocela jubata, Opak River, morphological characters, dietary diversity