KARAKTER FENOTIP MELON (Cucumis melo L.) KULTIVAR MELODI GAMA-3 HASIL UJI MULTILOKASI DAN MULTIMUSIM

RIZKO HADI, Dr. Budi Setiadi Daryono, M. Agr. Sc

2014 | Skripsi | BIOLOGI

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui kestabilan karakter fenotip melon kultivar Melodi Gama-3 (MG3) berdasarkan uji multilokasi dan multimusim, dan mengetahui keunggulan karakter fenotip melon kultivar MG3 dibandingkan melon kultivar komersial berdasarkan uji multilokasi dan multimusim. Penelitian dilakukan pada bulan Maret – November 2013. Uji multimusim dilakukan pada musim hujan (Maret – Juli) dan musim kemarau (Juli – Oktober). Uji multilokasi dilakukan di Propinsi D.I.Yogyakarta, Kab. Sleman, Propinsi Jawa Tengah, Kab. Kebumen, dan Propinsi Jawa Timur, Kab. Magetan. Pengamatan karakter fenotip melon dilaksanakan di Laboratorium Genetika Fakultas Biologi Universitas Gadjah Mada. Pengujian nutrisi dilakukan di CV. Chem-Mix Pratama yang berlokasi di Kab. Bantul, Propinsi D. I. Yogyakarta. Bahan yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini antara lain benih melon kultivar MG3 yang berasal dari Laboratorium Genetika Fakultas Biologi Universitas Gadjah Mada, dan benih melon kultivar Action 434, Glamour Sakata, MAI, dan LADIKA sebagai kultivar komersial pembanding. Data karakter fenotip kualitatif kultivar MG3, Action 434, Glamour Sakata, MAI, dan LADIKA dianalisis secara deskriptif, sedangkan data karakter fenotip kuantitatif dianalisis dengan ANOVA menggunakan software PKBTSTAT 2.02 dan Microsoft Excel 2007. Data nutrisi MG3 dibandingkan dengan data nutrisi melon laporan Prajnanta tahun 2006. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan MG3 secara keseluruhan memiliki nilai nutrisi utama yang relatif lebih baik dibandingkan kultivar melon pada umumnya. Hasil penelitian juga mencakup umur panen dan daya simpan MG3. Dari hasil penelitian diketahui tentang keseragaman dan kestabilan MG3 berdasarkan uji multilokasi dan multimusim. MG3 memiliki kestabilan berdasarkan uji multilokasi dan multimusim untuk karakter kejelasan net, kandungan air buah, warna kulit buah muda, berat buah, lingkar buah, diameter ujung buah, diameter horizontal buah, diameter vertikal buah, tebal daging buah, jumlah biji, dan bobot 100 biji, serta memiliki keunggulan dibandingkan kultivar komersial berdasarkan uji multilokasi dan multimusim untuk karakter kejelasan net.

Purposes of this study were to identify the stability of phenotypic characters of Melodi Gama-3 (MG3) melon cultivar based on multi-location and multi-season trial, as well as, to identify the superiority of phenotypic characters of MG3 melon cultivar compared than commercial melon cultivars based on multi-location and multi-season trial. The study was conducted in period of March to November 2013. Multi-season trial was conducted in the rainy season (March to July) and dry season (July to October). Multi-location trial was conducted in Province of D. I. Yogyakarta, Residency of Sleman; Province of Central Java, Residency of Kebumen; and Province of East Java, Residency of Magetan. Melon phenotypic characters had been observed at Laboratory of Genetics, Faculty of Biology, Universitas Gadjah Mada (UGM). Nutrition content was measured at CV. Chem-Mix Pratama, located on Residency of Bantul, Province of D. I. Yogyakarta. Materials used were MG3 melon cultivar seeds originated from the Laboratory of Genetics, Faculty of Biology, UGM, and Action 434, Glamour Sakata, MAI, and LADIKA melon cultivars seeds, respectively, as commercial cultivars. Qualitative phenotypic characters data of MG3, Action 434, Glamour Sakata, MAI, and LADIKA cultivars had been analyzed descriptively, whilst quantitative phenotypic characters data had been analyzed by balanced ANOVA continued with Honestly Significant Difference test, using PKBTSTAT 2.02 and Microsoft Excel 2007 softwares. MG3 nutrition content data were compared with melon nutritional data revealed by Prajnanta in 2006. Results showed that MG3 has relatively better nutrition value, harvest time, and shelf life than melon in general. Based on results, uniformity and stability of MG3 were recognized. Results suggested that MG3 has stability based on multi-location and multi-season trial in netting intensity, water content, unripe fruit rind color, fruit weight, fruit girth, fruit tip diameter, fruit horizontal and vertical diameter, flesh thickness, seeds number, and 100 seeds weight characters, respectively. Results also suggested that MG3 has superiority compared than commercial cultivars based on multi-location and multi-season trial in netting intensity character

Kata Kunci : Melon, kultivar MG3, karakter fenotip, uji multilokasi dan multimusim, nutrisi