KARAKTERISTIK PERMUDAAN ALAM CENDANA (Santalum album Linn.) DI HUTAN RAKYAT DESA PETIR, KEC. RONGKOP, KAB. GUNUNGKIDUL

BAKHTIAR MAHARDIKA, Dr. Priyono Suryanto, S.Hut., M.P.

2014 | Skripsi | BUDIDAYA HUTAN

Permudaan alam cendana sangat dipengaruhi oleh habitat tempat tumbuh cendana. Permudaan alami juga pengaruhi tiga komponen utama yaitu : ketersediaan biji, lingkungan mikro yang sesuai serta lingkungan makro yang kondusif. Cendana merupakan salah satu jenis yang banyak berkembang secara alami di hutan rakyat Gunungkidul. Informasi tentang model permudaan alam dan pola persebarannya masih sangat terbatas. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui karakteristik permudaaan alam cendana dan sebarannya pada berbagai tingkat hidup pohon. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di hutan rakyat di Desa Petir, Kecamatan Rongkop, Kabupaten Gunungkidul. Pengumpulan data dilakukan menggunakan metode line transect dengan penempatan petak ukur secara sistematik. Penentuan titik awal petak ukur menggunakan purposive sampling, yaitu penentuan titik ukur berdasarkan dengan tujuan penelitian. Petak ukur yang digunakan adalah nested sampling dan protocol sampling. Data yang diambil meliputi data biotik dan data fisik lingkungan pada habitat hutan rakyat. Analisis yang digunakan adalah analisis vegetasi menggunakan INP, analisis statistik dengan bantuan software R Statistic dan analisis distribusi berupa pembuatan peta sebaran dengan menggunakan software ArcGis. Cendana di hutan rakyat Desa Petir memiliki INP tingkat semai 20,65%, INP tingkat sapihan 87,15% dan INP tingkat tiang 16,80%, sedangkan cendana pada INP tingkat pohon tidak ada, dikarenakan tegakan cendana masih berumur muda. Analisis statistik menunjukkan kerapatan tumbuhan bawah, kerapatan pohon dan volume semak yang berpengaruh signifikan terhadap keberadaan cendana, dengan persamaan y = a+bx. Adapun formulasinya yaitu (( ) ( )) (( ) ( )) (( ) ( )) (( ) ( )) . Hasil analisis distribusi cendana, terlihat bahwa sebaran cendana pada tingkat semai, sapihan dan tiang berbentuk cluster atau berkelompok. Karakteristik permudaan alam cendana terjadi secara generatif dan vegetatif. Cendana berasosiasi dengan jati, mahoni, gamal dan formis serta berbagai tumbuhan bawah.

Sandalwood natural regeneration was greatly influenced by the growing habitats of sandalwood. Natural regenaration also contributes to three main components namely: seed supply, seed bed as well as a conducive environment. Sandalwood is one of the many growing naturally in the Privat forest, Gunungkidul Regency. Information about the model of natural regeneration and pattern of the countries within its range is still very limited. This research aims to know the characteristics of sandalwood natural regeneration and its tree of life on many levels This research was carried out in the community forest of Petir Village, Rongkop District, Gunungkidul Regency. Data collection was done by using the method of line transect with measuring plot systematically placement. The starting point of measurement plot was using the purposive sampling, that is where the measurement plot was placed according to the research purpose. Measuring plot used was the nested sampling and the protocol sampling. The Data collected include biotic data and physical environment data on community forest habitat. The analysis of vegetation using IVI (Important Value Index), statistical analysis with the help of R Statistics software and the distribution analysis was making a distribution map using ArcGis software. Sandalwood in the community forest of Petir Village have IVI levels for seedling of 20,65%, sapling of 87,15% and pole of 16,80%, while the IVI of sandalwood on trees level does not exist, due to the sandalwood stand was young. The statistical analysis showed that the cover crop density, the trees density and shurb volumes were the most influential significantly against the existence of sandalwood, thus obtained an equation y = a + bx. The equation that was (( ) ( )) (( ) ( )) (( ) ( )) (( ) ( )) . The results of the sandalwood distribution analysis, were that the distribution of sandalwood on the level for seedlings, saplings and poles are cluster or group. The characteristics of sandalwood natural regeneration happens by generative and vegetative. The spread of sandalwood was assisted by agents of the spreaders of bird. Sandalwood was associated with teak, mahogany, acacia and gliricidia as well as understory plants.

Kata Kunci : Cendana, permudaan alam, distribusi, hutan rakyat