PENGENDALIAN KUALITAS BAHAN BAKU DAN PRODUK TEH HITAM DI PT PAGILARAN, BATANG
AZIZATUN NURHAYATI, Dr. Ir Any Suryantini, M.M
2014 | Skripsi | SOS.EK. PERTANIAN (AGROBISNIS)Mutu produk akhir teh ditentukan oleh bahan baku dan proses pengolahannya. Bahan baku dengan tingkat kerusakan pucuk yang rendah menghasilkan teh dengan kualitas baik (first grade) sedangkan pucuk dengan keruskan pucuk yang tinggi menyebabkan teh hitam berwarna kemerahan. Proses pengolahan yang sesuai dengan standar menentukan kualitas produk sehingga pengendalian kualitas penting dilakukan baik pada bahan baku, proses, maupun produk. Metode Statistical Quality Control (SQC) dengan penggunaan Control Chart, dapat digunakan untuk mengetahui pola kerusakan pucuk, proses produksi, dan karakteristik produk akhir. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengendalian mutu secara statistik pada bahan baku, proses, dan produk akhir teh hitam. Penelitian ini berupa studi kasus dan dilakukan di PT Pagilaran, Batang, Jawa Tengah. Data yang digunakan adalah persentase pucuk rusak daun teh, derajat layu selama proses, densitas, dan kadar air produk teh hitam yang terukur sepanjang tahun 2013. Data dipetakan dengan Control Chart 3-sigma dalam bentuk data bulanan, tahunan, dan penjenisan tiap mutu teh hitam. Control Chart 3-sigma memberikan nilai batas atas dan nilai batas bawah secara statistik untuk setiap parameter. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan data tahun 2013 rerata persentase kerusakan pucuk 11, 28% dan rerata persentase derajat layu sebesar 41,57%. Kerusakan pucuk dan derajat layu di PT Pagilaran berada di luar batas kendali statistik namun masih berada dalam spesifikasi perusahaan yaitu maksimal 13% untuk persentase rusak pucuk dan kisaran 41%-42% untuk persentase derajat layu. Kadar air jenis teh BOP, BOPF, PF, Dust, PF2, Dust 2 periode pengukuran tahun 2013 berada dalam batas kendali statistik dan di dalam batas spesifikasi perusahaan sedangkan kadar air jenis Bohea berada di luar batas kendali statistik. Densitas jenis teh BOP, BOPF, PF, PF2, dan Dust 2 periode pengukuran tahun 2013 berada dalam batas kendali statistik meskipun di luar spesifikasi perusahaan sedangkan densitas jenis Dust dan Bohea berada di luar batas kendali statistik. Densitas tiap jenis mutu teh tidak sesuai dengan spesifikasi perusahaan.
The quality of final product of tea is determined by its material and process. Low percentage of damaged fresh tea leaves produced first grade of final product of tea and high percentage of damaged fresh tea leaves produced the reddish tea. In addition, implementation of standardized process ensures high quality of product then it is important to control every stage of production process: material holding, processing in the factory, and assessing the quality of final product. Statistical Quality Control (SQC) method, using Control Chart, may be used to observe the quality fluctuation of raw material, material in process, and final product. The objective of this research was to study the statistical quality control in material, process, and final productof black tea. The research formed as a case study which was done in PT Pagilaran, Batang Regency. Data used in this case study were the percentage of damaged tealeaves, degree of wilting during the process, water content, and density in final product of black tea measured in year 2013. The data were captured monthly and annualy. The 3-sigma control chart showed stastically an upper control limit value and a lower control limit value of each parameter. The results showed that in year 2013, the mean of percentage of damaged tea leaves was 11,28% and while the degree of wilting in PT Pagilaran was 41,57%. The percentage of damaged tea leaves and degree of wilting were out of statistical quality control but they were in the company’s spesification, in which the maximum percentage of damaged tea leaves was 13%, and degree of wilting was about 41%-42%. The water content of BOP, BOPF, PF, Dust, PF2, Dust 2 measured in year 2013 lay in statistical quality control and matched with company’s spesification but Bohea was out of statistical quality control. The density of BOP, BOPF, PF, PF2 and Dust 2 measured in year 2013 was in statistical quality control but Dust and Bohea were out of statistical quality control. The density of each grade was not in company’s spesification.
Kata Kunci : Stastistical Quality Control, kualitas, teh
