KEANEKARAGAMAN JENIS DAN SEBARAN IKAN PADA EKOSISTEM TERUMBU KARANG DI TAMAN NASIONAL KEPULAUAN SERIBU

SETYADI, Dr. Ir. Djumanto, M.Sc.

2014 | Skripsi | MANAJ. SUMBER DAYA PERIKANAN

Ikan karang memanfaatkan ekosistem terumbu karang sebagai tempat nursery ground, feeding ground, spawning ground dan tempat perlindungan, sehingga terdapat hubungan yang erat antara terumbu karang dan ikan karang. Tujuan penelitian adalah untuk mengetahui keanekaragaman jenis dan sebaran ikan di perairan Taman Nasional Kepulauan Seribu. Penelitian dilaksanakan pada tanggal 8-16 Mei 2013 di perairan Taman Nasional Kepulauan Seribu. Lokasi pengamatan berada di sekitar pulau dalam zona pengelolaan Taman Nasional Kepulauan Seribu yang jumlahnya ditetapkan sebanyak 20 pulau dan tiap pulau diambil satu stasiun. Pengamatan jenis ikan karang dilakukan sebanyak 2 ulangan pada kedalaman 9 meter menggunakan metode Underwater Visual Census (UVC) dengan panjang transek 50 m dan jangkauan 2,5 meter dari garis transek. Pengukuran parameter lingkungan dilakukan insitu dengan 3 ulangan. Data yang diperoleh dianalisis secara deskriptif yaitu jenis ikan dan sebaran ikan, komposisi ikan tiap zonasi dan indeks biologis yang meliputi indeks keanekaragaman, indeks kemerataan, indeks dominansi dan indeks kemelimpahan. Hasil penelitian diperoleh jumlah jenis ikan sebanyak 171 spesies dari 31 famili ikan karang dengan jumlah individu sebanyak 13473 ekor. Jenis ikan yang dominan dengan jumlah lebih dari 10% total ikan karang adalah Caesio cuning (18,07%), Cirrhilabrus cyanopleura (13,62%) dan Chromis fumea (11,69%). Sebaran dominan ikan Caesio cuning dan Cirrhilabrus cyanopleura terpusat di bagian timur kawasan Taman Nasional dengan titik pusat sebaran terpisah. Sebaran dominan ikan Chromis fumea tersebar hampir merata dengan titik sebaran tertinggi di bagian utara. Indeks keanekaragaman ikan (H) berkisar antara 2,33-3,65, indeks kemerataan (E) antara 0,38-0,60 dan indeks dominansi (D) berkisar antara 0,04-0,20. Kemelimpahan ikan (X) berkisar antara 0,70-7,44 ind/m2. Jenis dan famili ikan mayor dominan di semua lokasi. Jenis ikan Caesio cuning mendominasi dengan jumlah kelimpahan terbesar diseluruh lokasi. Keanekaragaman ikan karang tergolong sedang hingga tinggi. Kondisi parameter lingkungan tergolong baik dan cocok untuk kehidupan ikan.

Coral reef fishes utilize coral reef as a nursery ground, feeding ground, spawning ground and refuge from predator, so there is a relationship between coral reefs and coral reef fishes. The purpose of the study was to determine the fishes diversity and dominant distribution of coral reef fishes in Kepulauan Seribu National Park. The study was done on May 8th-16th 2013 in the waters of the Kepulauan Seribu National Park. There were 20 stations for observation which each station was located closed to islands in management zone of Kepulauan Seribu National Park. Coral reef fishes were observed twice at a depth of 9 meter using Underwater Visual Census ( UVC ) with a 50 meter long transect and covered 2.5 meter both side of the transect line. Reef fish species were identified directly in situ. Measurement of environmental parameters were done in situ with 3 replicates. Collected data were analyzed descriptively for species of coral reef fishes, fishes dominant, fishes composition by zoning, and other used biological indices namely are fish diversity index, evenness index, dominance index (D) and abundance index (X). The result showed there was 13473 individualtis comprise of 171 species and 31 families. The dominant species with more of 10% percentage total were Caesio cuning (18,07%), Cirrhilabrus cyanopleura (13,62%) and Chromis fumea (11,69%). Distribution of dominant fish namely Cirrhilabrus cyanopleura and Caesio cuning concentrated in the eastern part of the National Park with the center point spread apart. The distribution of dominant fish namely Chromis fumea was spread out almost evenly among area with the highest in the northern part. The diversity index (H) was ranged from 2.33 to 3.65, evenness index (E), between 0.38 to 0.60 and dominance index (D) ranged between 0.04 to 0.20. The abundance index (X) was ranged from 0.70 to 7.44 ind/m2. The major fish species were dominance among stations. The number of Caesio cuning was dominance and the greatest. The diversity of coral reef fish classified as moderate to high. Environmental parameters were relatively in good condition and suitable for fishes.

Kata Kunci : keanekaragaman, ikan karang, sebaran dominan, Taman Nasional Kepulauan Seribu.