Sri Murtono (1916-1986) Seorang seniman teater Indonesia :: Sebuah biografi

ISWANTARA, Nur, Drs. C. Bakdi Soemanto, SU

2001 | Tesis | S2 Pengkajian Seni Pertunjukan dan Seni Rupa

Penelitian biografik ini bertujuan untuk melukiskan daya kreasi dan konsep teater dan seorang tokoh yang bernama Sri Murtono J ang terkenal karena semangatnya yang gigih untuk mendirikan Akademi Seni Drama dan Film (1955) di Yogyakarta. Di samping itu, penelitian ini juga bertujuan mclukiskan tokoh ini sebagai penulis Iakon dan sutradara yang pementasanpementasannya dipandang penting. Untuk mencapai tujuan itu, penelitian ini dipusatkan pada kondisi kebudayaan dan faktorfaktor internal maupun eksternal yang mempengaruhi situasi kondusif bagi pertumbuhan dan perkembangan bakatnya dalam * ha1 teater sehingga membawanya menjadi salah satu tokoh terkemuka teater secara nasional yang dihormati. Pendekatan dan metode multidimensi digunakan dalam penelitian ini untuk mencemati riwayat hidupnya dari masa kecil hingga beberapa tahun sebelum ia meninggal. Hasil penelitian itu menunjukkan bahwa Sri Murtono hidup di dalam lingkungan yang tak bisa dihindari, ialah kebudayaan Jawa yang bercampur dengan kebudayaan Barat melalui sistem pcndidikan Belanda pada era penjajahan. Semua ini menjadi unsur-unsur yang membentuk ciri Sri Murtono sebagai seorang teaterawan dan corak karyakaryanya. Dua di antara karyanya adalah Sumpah Gadjah Mada dan Genderang Baratayuda yang menampakkan adanya unsur lakon Shakespeare dan wayang yang sudah diolah menjadi suatu bangunan karya teater yang khas miliknya. Akademi drama yang didirikan adalah satu-satunya institusi pendidikkan teater formal pada zamannya (di Yogya) yang alumninya dikenal sebagai aktor teater dan film. Sri Murtono juga dikenal scbagai seorang nasionalis yang semangat itu tercerrnin dan karyanya yang sekaligus memancarkan jiwa zamannya pada saat ia hidup. Ia menerima penghargaan dari Presiden Republik Indonesia (198 1) dan dari Gubernur DIY (1986

This biographical research is an attempt to describe theatrical creativity and concept of Sri Murtono who was and is renowned for his energetic spirit with which he founded Akademi Seni Drama dun Film (Asdrafi) in 1955 in Yogyakarta. In addition to that, this research is aimed at presenting a description of his being a playwright and director whose productions were phenomenal. To that end, the research was focussed on the cultural conditions and the external as well as internal factors which affected the condusive situations for him to grow and develop his talent for theater and that eventually had led him to be one of the ' outstanding national figures of theater and drama, Multidimensional approach and methods of research were applied in the research to observe his life story from his childhood until some years before his death. The result shows that being a human being, Sri Murtono lived in an unavoidable social and cultural sites, i.e. .Javanese worldviews which were completely mixed up with that of Western influence through the Dutch educational system in which he learned in the Colonial time. All these are seemingly the ingredients out of n.hich were made to be his characteristics of his being a dramatist and his works. Two out of many of his works, i.e. Sumpah Cadjah Mada and Gerideranq Bharata YucTha are his plays demonstrating the Shakespearean and wayang elements fabricated in to theatrical constructs becoming his own original. The academy of drama he had founded was the only formal dramatic training institution at that time whose graduates were outstanding actors of theater and movies. Sri Murtono was also known as a nationalist whose spirit is obviously seen in his works that reflect the Zeitgeist in which he lived. He received some awards and medals from the President of the Republic of Indonesia (1981) and from the Governor of Yogyakarta the Special Region ( 1986)

Kata Kunci : Seniman Teater,Biografi,Sri Murtono, Biographical, theatrical creativity and concept, Sri Murtono