Efektivitas "Reward" terhadapp prestasi matematika anak usia sekolah dasar

ROMAS, Muslimah Zahro, Dr. Supra WImbarti, MSc

2001 | Tesis | S2 Psikologi

Reward merupakan prinsip yang dapat ditreapkan dalam bidang pendidikan untuk memperkuat belajar dan merupakan kondisi mutlak bagi proses belajar anak usia sekolah yang berada pad atahap operasional untuk meningkatkan prestasi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguji dan mengetahui efektivitas reward yang diberikan untuk meningkatkan prestasi matematika. Variabel bebas dalam eksperimen ini adalah reward (materi dan pujian) dan variabel tergantung adalah kemampuan matematika. Subyek berumur 9 s.d. 10 tahun , kelas IV sekolah dasar (SD Krekah II, SD Krekah III dan SD Proketan), yang mempunyai kemampuan matematika rendah. 33 siswa, 22 siswa menjadi grup eksperimen (dibagi menjadi 2 grup, 11 siswa diberi reward materi dan 11 siswa diberi reward pujian) dan 11 siswa menjadi grup control. Pemilihan grup eksperimen didasarkan atas random treatment. Analisis data secara kualitatif dan kuantitatif. Data kuantitatif dianalisis dengan ANAKOVA dan t-tes. Data hasil observasi, wawancara dan dokumentasi dianalisis secara kualitatif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ada peningkatan prestasi matematika pada kelompok eksperimen mean sebelum perlakuan 21,91 (reward materi), 25,55 (reward pujian) dan setelah perlakuan 29,18 dan 29,27. Kelompok control yang tidak diberi perlakuan tidak menunjukkan peningkatan yang signifikan dalam prestasi matematika antara pre dan postes. Mean sebelum perlakuan 24,91 dansesudah perlakuan 23,91. Oleh karena itu, reward, terutama reward materi dapat digunakan untuk meningkatkan prestasi matematika.

-Reward is the principle that can be applied in education to reinforce learning. It is an absolute condition to the learning process of elementary school children in concrete operational stage to increase their school achievement. The purpose of this research was to investigate the effectiveness of rewards given to increase mathematical achievement. The independent variable of the experiment was reward (material and praising) and the dependent variable was mathematical achievement. The subject were 9-10 years old children, grade 4 students of elementary school (SD Krekah 11, SD Krekah 111, and SD Proketen), who had under achievement in mathematics. There were 33 students, 22 were in the experimental group (divided into 2 group, 11 were given material reward and 11 were given praising reward) and 11 were in the control group. The division used random treatment. The data were analyzed quantitatively and qualitatively. The quantitative data was analyzed with ANACOVA and t-test. The data from observation, interview and documentation were analyzed qualitatively. The result showed that there was an increase in mathematical achievement of the experimental group. The means before treatment was 2 1.91 (material reward), 25.55 (praising reward) and after treatment were 29.18 and 29.27. In the control group that had not been treated, there was no significant increase respectively in mathematical achievement between pre test and posttest. The mean pretest was 24.91 and the posttest was 23.91. So, the reward, especially material reward had been usehl to increase mathematical achievement of elementary school children.

Kata Kunci : Prestasi Belajar,Matematika, Reward, mathematical achievement.